Air Quality Updating and Screening Assessment Second Round Review and Assessment under Part IV, Environment Act 1995 Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council January 4 Final Report 9P1194 A COMPANY OF POSFORD HASKONING LTD ENVIRONMENT Globe Park Moss Bridge Road Kingsway West, Rochdale OL16 5EB United Kingdom +44 (0)1706 714575 Telephone 01706 714574 Fax [email protected] E-mail www.royalhaskoning.com Internet Document title Air Quality Updating and Screening Assessment Second Round Review and Assessment under Part IV, Environment Act 1995 Document short title Updating and Screening Assessment Status Final Report Date January 2004 Project name Bolton Updating and Screening Assessment Project number 9P1194 Client Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council Reference 9P1194 02 Drafted by John Drabble Checked by John Clark Date/initials check Approved by John Clark Date/initials approval SUMMARY An Updating and Screening Assessment of potential air pollution sources in and around the district of Bolton was undertaken in accordance with the requirements placed on all local authorities to undertake a ‘second round’ review, following submission of a ‘first round’ review in 2001. The methodology and procedures followed those in the DEFRA statutory technical guidance note LAQM.TG(03), which lays down a checklist approach to screen potential sources and determine those that will require further detailed assessment. The first round of review and assessment in Bolton had concluded with the designation of an air quality management area (AQMA) on the basis of predicted exceedences of the annual mean Objective for nitrogen dioxide by 2005, and in more isolated hot-spots of the 24-hour PM10 Objective. The findings of this updating and screening assessment essentially confirm that, of the seven air pollutants reviewed, these two pollutants are the most likely to exceed their respective Objectives. Recent monitoring data and screening of traffic-related and industrial sources of benzene, 1-3-butadiene, carbon monoxide, lead and sulphur dioxide indicated that emissions were not significant in terms of their respective health-based future Objectives, and no further assessment of these pollutants is required. The screening procedures have resulted in the necessity to proceed to a detailed assessment of traffic-related nitrogen dioxide sources around busy roads and junctions, and on one additional road not currently within the AQMA boundary. Similarly traffic- related PM10 emissions are required to be assessed in detail for road links which were previously close to the 24-hour Objective. Screening of industrial air pollutant sources concluded that fugitive dust emissions from two adjacent quarries will also need to be considered in the detailed assessment. Updating and Screening Assessment 9P1194 Final Report January 2004 CONTENTS Page 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Legislative Background 1 1.2 Review and Assessment 2 1.3 Public Exposure 4 1.4 Updating and Screening Assessment 4 1.5 Bolton Metropolitan Borough 6 1.6 Findings of the First Round Review and Assessment in Bolton 6 2 BENZENE 7 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 The National Perspective 7 2.3 The Local Perspective 8 2.4 Background Benzene Concentrations 8 2.5 Monitoring Data 8 2.6 Very busy roads or junctions in built up areas 10 2.7 Industrial sources 10 2.8 Petrol stations 11 3 1,3-BUTADIENE 12 3.1 Introduction 12 3.2 The National Perspective 12 3.3 The Local Perspective 12 3.4 Background 1,3-Butadiene Concentrations 13 3.5 Monitoring Data 13 3.6 Industrial Sources 13 4 CARBON MONOXIDE 14 4.1 Introduction 14 4.2 The National Perspective 14 4.3 The Local Perspective 15 4.4 Background Carbon Monoxide Concentrations 15 4.5 Monitoring Data 15 4.6 Road Traffic Sources – ‘very busy roads or junctions in built-up areas’. 16 5 LEAD 17 5.1 Introduction 17 5.2 The National Perspective 17 5.3 The local perspective 17 5.4 Background Lead Concentrations 18 5.5 Monitoring Data 18 5.6 Industrial Sources 18 6 NITROGEN DIOXIDE 20 6.1 Introduction 20 6.2 The National Perspective 20 Updating and Screening Assessment 9P1194 Final Report January 2004 6.3 The Local Perspective 21 6.4 Background Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations 22 6.5 Monitoring Data 24 6.6 Narrow congested streets with residential properties close to the kerb. 27 6.7 Junctions 27 6.8 Busy streets where people may spend 1 hour or more close to traffic. 29 6.9 Roads with high flow of buses and/or HGVs 31 6.10 New roads constructed or proposed since the first round of review and assessment 32 6.11 Roads close to the Objective during the first round review and assessment 32 6.12 Roads with significantly changed traffic flows 32 6.13 Bus Stations 32 6.14 New Industrial Sources 33 6.15 Industrial sources with substantially increased emissions 34 6.16 Aircraft 35 7 SULPHUR DIOXIDE 36 7.1 Introduction 36 7.2 The national perspective 36 7.3 The local perspective 36 7.4 Background Sulphur dioxide Concentrations 37 7.5 Monitoring Data 37 7.6 New Industrial Sources 39 7.7 Industrial sources with substantially increased emissions 40 7.8 Domestic sources 40 7.9 Small boilers <5MWth 41 7.10 Shipping 41 7.11 Railway Locomotives 42 8 PM10 PARTICULATE MATTER 43 8.1 Introduction 43 8.2 The national perspective 43 8.3 The local perspective 45 8.4 Background PM10 Concentrations 45 8.5 Monitoring Data 45 8.6 Junctions 46 8.7 Roads with high flow of buses and/or HGVs 48 8.8 New roads constructed or proposed since the first round of review and assessment 48 8.9 Roads close to the Objective during the first round review and assessment 48 8.10 Roads with significantly changed traffic flows 49 8.11 New Industrial Sources 49 8.12 Industrial sources with substantially increased emissions 50 8.13 Domestic sources 51 8.14 Quarries, landfill sites, opencast coal, dusty cargo handling at ports etc 51 8.15 Aircraft 51 Updating and Screening Assessment 9P1194 Final Report January 2004 9 DISCUSSION 53 9.1 Road traffic sources of nitrogen dioxide 53 9.2 Road traffic sources of PM10 53 9.3 Industrial sources of PM10 53 9.4 Discussion 54 REFERENCES APPENDIX I Detailed Dispersion Modelling Study Areas TABLES 1.1 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 and amendments 3 2.1 Benzene Monitoring Data 2000-2002 9 2.2 Benzene Annual Mean Concentrations Projected to 2003 and 9 2010 2.4 Part A Processes in Bolton 10 2.5 Petrol Filling Stations >2m litres per annum 11 4.1 Carbon Monoxide Monitoring Data 2000-2002 15 5.1 Lead Monitoring Data 2001-2002 18 6.1 Nitrogen Dioxide Annual Means, Bolton AUN Station, 2000-02 24 6.2 Nitrogen Dioxide Monitoring Data, within AQMA, 2000-2002 25 6.3 Nitrogen Dioxide Monitoring Data, outside AQMA, 2000-2002 26 6.4 DMRB Screening Assessment of Busy Road Junctions 28 6.5 DMRB Screening Assessment of Busy Roads, outside AQMA 29 6.6 DMRB Screening Assessment of Busy Roads, within AQMA 30 6.7 Bus Stations and Bus Movements in Bolton 33 6.8 Potentially Significant Industrial Sources of NOx in Bolton 34 7.1 Sulphur Dioxide Monitoring Data, Bolton AUN Station, 2000-02 37 7.2 8-Port Bubbler Measurements of Sulphur Dioxide, 2001-2002 38 7.3 Potentially Significant Industrial Sources of SO2 in Bolton 40 7.4 Screening Assessment of Boiler Plant 41 7.5 Stationary Diesel Locomotive Periods 42 8.1 PM10 Monitoring Data, Bolton AUN Station, 2001-02 45 8.2 DMRB Screening Assessment of PM10 at Busy Road Junctions 47 8.3 Potentially Significant Industrial Sources of PM10 in Bolton 50 Updating and Screening Assessment 9P1194 Final Report January 2004 1 INTRODUCTION This report constitutes the Updating & Screening phase of the second round air quality review and assessment for Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council (Bolton MBC), as required by the Environment Act 1995. 1.1 Legislative Background Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 introduced new responsibilities for Local Authorities relating to Local Air Quality Management (LAQM). The Act also laid the foundations for a policy that eventually led to the publication of the National Air Quality Strategy in March 1997. The new Government later that year endorsed the Strategy, but committed to review it at the earliest opportunity. The second edition, The Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, was published in January 2000 (DETR, 2000a), which accounted for the devolved administration in a joint approach with common objectives but allowing for different policies of implementation. The original Strategy identified eight air pollutants associated with effects on human health, and laid down future Objectives for health protection. The revised Strategy introduced further Objectives for the protection of vegetation and ecosystems. The pollutants covered by the Strategy are as follows: · benzene · 1,3-butadiene · carbon monoxide · lead · nitrogen dioxide · ozone · particles (as ‘PM10’) · sulphur dioxide The Strategy on air quality has a number of guiding principles, including · the aim to provide the best practicable protection to human health and the environment; · the recommendations of the Expert Panel on Air Quality Standards (or World Health Organisation guidelines) should be the basis for the Objectives; · there should be compliance with EU Air Quality Daughter Directives, but stricter national measures for some pollutants should be allowed; · the Objectives should reflect the practicability of the measures needed to reduce pollutants, their costs and benefits and other social and economic factors; · the Strategy to take account of developments in European legislation, technological and scientific advances, improved air pollution modelling techniques and increased understanding of economic and social issues.