Chapter 5: Clopland CHAPTER 5 CROPLAND 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 5.1 Volume 4: Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use Authors 1 Stephen Michael Ogle (USA), Stephen John Wakelin (New Zealand), Leandro Buendia (Philippines), Brian McConkey (Canada), Jeffrey Baldock (Australia), Hiroko Akiyama (Japan), Ayaka W. Mo Kishimoto (Japan), Ngonidzashe Chirinda (CGIAR, Zimbabwe), Martial Bernoux (FAO), Sumana Bhattacharya (India), Nares Chuersuwan (Thailand), Muhammad Arif Rashid Goheer (Pakistan), Kristell Hergoualc’h (France), Shigehiro Ishizuka (Japan), Rodel Diaz Lasco (Philippines), Xuebiao Pan (China), Himanshu Pathak (India), Kristiina Regina (Finland), Atsushi Sato (Japan), Gabriel Vazquez-Amabile (Argentina), Changke Wang (China), Xunhua Zheng (China). Contributing Authors Cody Alsaker (USA), Rémi Cardinael (France), Marife D. Corre (Germany), Ram Gurung (USA), Akinori Mori (Japan), Johannes Lehmann (USA), Simone Rossi (Italy), Oliver van Straaten (Germany), Edzo Veldkamp (Netherlands), Dominic Woolf (USA), Kazuyuki Yagi (Japan), Xiaoyuan Yan (China) 1 Biomass Carbon Sections were prepared by lead authors, S.J. Wakelin, A. Sato, and R.D. Lasco; and contributing authors R. Cardinael, S. Rossi. Soil Carbon Sections were prepared by lead authors, S.M. Ogle, B. McConkey, J. Baldock, A. Mo Kishimoto, N. Chirinda, M. Bernoux, K. Hergoualc’h, S. Ishizuka, X. Pan, K. Regina, G. Vazquez-Amabile, C. Wang; and contributing authors, C. Alsaker, M.D. Corre, R. Gurung, J. Lehmann, A. Mori, O. van Straaten, E. Veldkamp, D. Woolf. Rice Cultivation Section was prepared by lead authors, L. Buendia, H. Akiyama, S. Bhattacharya, N. Chuersuwan, M.A.R. Goheer, H. Pathak, X. Zheng, S.M. Ogle; and contributing authors, K. Yagi,X. Yan. 5.2 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Chapter 5: Clopland Contents Cropland ................................................................................................................................................... 5.6 5.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 5.6 5.2 Cropland Remaining Cropland ............................................................................................................. 5.6 5.2.1 Biomass ..................................................................................................................................... 5.6 5.2.1.1 Choice of methods ........................................................................................................ 5.6 5.2.1.2 Choice of emission factors ............................................................................................ 5.7 5.2.1.3 Choice of activity data ................................................................................................ 5.13 5.2.1.4 Calculation steps for Tier 1 and Tier 2 ....................................................................... 5.14 5.2.1.5 Uncertainty assessment ............................................................................................... 5.14 5.2.2 Dead organic matter ................................................................................................................ 5.14 5.2.3 Soil carbon .............................................................................................................................. 5.14 5.2.3.1 Choice of method ........................................................................................................ 5.15 5.2.3.2 Choice of stock change and emission factors ............................................................. 5.26 5.2.3.3 Choice of activity data ................................................................................................ 5.33 5.2.3.4 Calculation steps for Tier 1 ......................................................................................... 5.37 5.2.3.5 Uncertainty assessment ............................................................................................... 5.38 5.2.4 Non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions from biomass burning ................................................... 5.38 5.3 Land Converted to Cropland .............................................................................................................. 5.39 5.3.1 Biomass ................................................................................................................................... 5.39 5.3.1.1 Choice of method ........................................................................................................ 5.39 5.3.1.2 Choice of emission factors .......................................................................................... 5.41 5.3.1.3 Choice of activity data ................................................................................................ 5.42 5.3.1.4 Calculation steps for Tier 1 and Tier 2 ....................................................................... 5.43 5.3.1.5 Uncertainty assessment ............................................................................................... 5.43 5.3.2 Dead organic matter ................................................................................................................ 5.43 5.3.3 Soil carbon .............................................................................................................................. 5.43 5.3.3.1 Choice of method ........................................................................................................ 5.43 5.3.3.2 Choice of stock change and emission factors ............................................................. 5.44 5.3.3.3 Choice of activity data ................................................................................................ 5.46 5.3.3.4 Calculation steps for Tier 1 ......................................................................................... 5.47 5.3.3.5 Uncertainty assessment ............................................................................................... 5.48 5.3.4 Non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions from biomass burning ................................................... 5.48 5.4 Completeness, Time series, QA/QC, and Reporting .......................................................................... 5.48 5.5 Methane Emissions from Rice Cultivation......................................................................................... 5.49 5.5.1 Choice of method .................................................................................................................... 5.49 5.5.2 Choice of emission and scaling factors ................................................................................... 5.52 5.5.3 Choice of activity data ............................................................................................................ 5.57 5.5.4 Example Calculation for Tier 1 ............................................................................................... 5.58 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 5.3 Volume 4: Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use Annex 5A.1 Estimation of default stock change factors for mineral soil C emissions/removals for cropland ................................................................................................................ 5.61 Annex 5A.2 Background for developing emission factors and scaling factors for methane emission from paddy field, using scientific literature ........................................... 5.63 Annex 5A.3 Parameterisation of the Tier 2 – Steady State Method for Mineral Soils .............. 5.67 References .......................................................................................................................................................... 5.70 Equations Equation 5.0a (New) Annual Change in Soil C Stock for Mineral Soils using the Steady State Method 5.18 Equation 5.0b (New) Active Sub-Pool Soil C Stock For Mineral Soils using the Steady-State Method 5.19 Equation 5.0c (New) Slow Sub-Pool Soil C Stock for Mineral Soils using the Steady-State Method ... 5.20 Equation 5.0d (New) Passive Sub-Pool Soil C Stock for Mineral Soils using the Steady-State Method 5.21 Equation 5.0e (New) Temperature Effect on Decomposition for Mineral Soils using the Steady-State Method .................................................................................................................. 5.22 Equation 5.0f (New) Water Effect on Decomposition for Mineral Soils using the Steady-State Method .............................................................................................................................. 5.22 Equation 5.0g (New) C Input to the Active Soil C Sub-Pool for Mineral Soils using the Steady-State Method .................................................................................................................. 5.23 Equation 5.0h (New) Cropland C- input to soil for the Steady-State Method ......................................... 5.36 Equation 5.1 CH4 emissions from rice cultivation ..................................................................... 5.49 Equation 5.2 (Updated) Adjusted daily emission factor (Tier 1)................................................................. 5.51 Equation 5.2a (New) Adjusted daily emission factor (Tier 2)................................................................. 5.51 Equation 5.3 Adjusted CH4 emission scaling factors for organic