Map 59 Attica Compiled by J.S. Traill, 1995 Introduction A primary concern of the map is to present the ancient demes. Of the 143 Athenian constitutional demes (140 original, 3 later), 122 are marked; the remaining 21 appear in the Directory as Unlocated Toponyms. Split or divided demes normally have the designators ‘Kathyperthen’ (Upper) and ‘Hypenerthen’ (Lower); also, in the case of Lamptrai Hypenerthen, ‘Paraloi’ (Coastal). The largest Attic deme, Acharnai, which in all likelihood comprised two sections (its name is plural), has been placed at two locations, Menidi and south-west of Menidi. In every instance I have attempted to indicate as precisely as possible the deme center. Deme (or trittys or phyle) boundaries, however, are not outlined, even though in my view many of the rupestral boundary markers (horoi), now being recovered in increasing numbers by M.K. Langdon and associates, define these territorial limits. In the Directory, the phyle or tribe appears as the first item in the brackets under Modern Name/Location, using Roman numerals from I to X for the original ten phylai. Demes reassigned to Antigonis and Demetrias in 307/306 B.C. have an additional numeral in parentheses (XI or XII). The three demes formed along with, or shortly following, the creation of Ptolemais, Attalis and Hadrianis, bear the numerals XIII, XIV and XV respectively. The second item in the brackets gives the trittys assignment of each deme, namely city (Asty), inland (Mesogaia) or coast (Paralia). Note that an asterisk (*) here, as in Traill (1986, 123-40), indicates a geographically isolated segment of the trittys. The bouleutic quota (that is, the representation of the deme in the Council of 500), appears as the last item in the brackets. It is the best indication of the relative sizes of demes, and has been utilized in determining which of five type-sizes to choose when marking each deme name on the map. Quotas–which increased in the Macedonian period, when the Council was enlarged from 500 to 600 members–are shown in parentheses. Although both archaeological and literary evidence for the existence of many Attic demes remains sporadic in several periods of antiquity, Athenians’ continuing systematic use of the demotic implies that a political and constitutional apparatus (at the least, maintenance of a local record office) survived far into the Roman period. Thus in the Directory all the original demes are dated CHR (see Map Key). Typically, no more two references are given for a deme, the first to a standard work such as RE or KvA text, the second to the summary of data in Traill (1986). For the compilation of the map, challenges have arisen from the sheer abundance of evidence on the one hand, and from the unevenness, both geographical and chronological, of its distribution on the other. For example, there are literally hundreds of mines, mining works and quarries attested in Attica, and at this scale it would be impractical, if not impossible, to do more than mark the most significant. The same applies to all the rich remains associated with many settlements in the Asty and Paralia regions. By contrast, some of the large and important demes, particularly in the Mesogaia, have left very few traces for any period. There is simply not enough consistent, reliable evidence to show the routes connecting the many demes and major sites. It is generally agreed, however, that modern roads tend to follow the course of their ancient predecessors; note Bradford (1957, plates 7, 9a, b) for comparison of the ancient and modern roads between Euonymon and Aixone. The only routes marked, therefore, are those well documented archaeologically (note especially Vanderpool 1979 for north-west Attica), and those with a well attested ancient name linked to remains on the ground either sporadically (Steiriake Hodos), or extensively (Hiera Hodos). There are similar problems with marking ancient terrace walls; they abound in modern Attica, and many were recorded by KvA in the late nineteenth century. Note Bradford (1957, plates 8, 9c) for the example of ancient terracing at Euonymon. The military camps, towers and fortifications shown are drawn primarily from McCredie (1966), Munn (1993) and Ober (1985). The many smaller rubble emplacements, some of which have been studied and published by MAP 59 ATTICA 905 Langdon (1995), are omitted. Marking of the numerous aqueducts and walls of ancient Attica is likewise selective; none is shown within the city, and only a few close to it. Directory All place names are in Greece Abbreviations IG 2.2 Inscriptiones Graecae, Inscriptiones Atticae, vol. 2, editio minor KvA E. Curtius, J.A. Kaupert and A. Milchhöfer, Karten von Attika, Text, I-IX, Berlin, 1881-1900 Phyle I Erechtheis II Aigeis III Pandionis IV Leontis V Akamantis VI Oineis VII Kekropis VIII Hippothontis IX Aiantis X Antiochis XI Antigonis XII Demetrias XIII Ptolemais XIV Attalis XV Hadrianis For explanation of other bracketed items in Modern Name / Location column, see Introduction. Names Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference [Phyle-Trittys-Quota] B2 Acharnai (N) CHR Menidi Vanderpool 1965, 172; Traill 1986, 142-44 [VI - inland - 15/16?] B2 Acharnai (S) CHR SW Menidi Vanderpool 1965, 172; Traill 1986, 142-44 [VI - city* - 7/6?] A4 Aegina Ins. ACHRL Aigina NPauly Aigina §OinoneIns. Paus. 2.5.2 C1 Ag. Paraskevi C? NNW Varnava Ober 1985, 138-39 B3 Agrai CHR? SE of city on Ilissos Travlos 1971, 112 C2 Agrieliki CH? Marathon area McCredie 1966, 35 B3 Agryle Hypenerthen CHR SW Ardettos? KvA II, 23, 28; Traill 1986, 125 [I(XI)-city-3] B3 Agryle Kathyperthen CHR SW Ardettos? KvA II, 23, 28; Traill 1986, 125 [I - city - 2(3)] B2 Aigaleos C? McCredie 1966, 119; Ober 1985, 148-49 B3 Aigaleos M. Aigaleos KvA II, 46 C3 Aigilia? CHR Phoinikia Eliot 1962, 65-68; Traill 1986, 144-46 [X - inland* - 6(7)] A3 Aigina ACHRL Aigina RE C2 Aithalidai/ CHR S Tatoi airport / unknown Vanderpool 1965, 174-75; Traill 1986, 130 Hybadai? [IV(XI) - inland - 2] C3 Aixone CHR Glyphada Eliot 1962, 6-24; Traill 1986, 136 [VII - coast - 11?(15?)] Akropolis See Lettered Sites Akte Pr. See Lettered Sites 906 MAP 59 ATTICA Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference [Phyle-Trittys-Quota] B3 Alopeke CHR Katsipodi Dörpfeld 1895; Traill 1986, 139 [X - city - 10(12)] C1 Amarynthos ACHRL Palaiokhoria / Kato Vathia Sackett 1966.62; Knoepfler 1997, 379-80; NPauly B3 Amphiale Pr. CHR W Korydallos KvA VII, 31 C1 Amphiareion CHR Mavrodilesi See Map 55 D4 Amphitrope? CHR Pousipelia Megalo Peuka Eliot 1962, 92, 127; Traill 1986, 140 [X-coast-2(3)] C3 Anagyrous CHR Vari Eliot 1962, 35-46; Traill 1986, 145 [I - coast - 6(8)] C2 Anakaia? CHR Mygdaleza KvA III, 58; Traill 1986, 137 [VIII - inland? - 3] C4 Anaphlystos Limen CHR Kolpos Agiou Nikolaou Scylax 57; KvA III, 21 C4 Anaphlystos CHR Ag. Georgios SAGT 1, 135-37; Traill 1986, 140 [X-coast-10(11)] C3 Angele CHR Angelisi KvA III, 11; Traill 1986, 129 [III-coast-3/2(4)] C2 Ankesmos M. CHR Tourkovouni KvA II, 19 C3 Ankyle Hypenerthen CHR NE Ardettos? RE 1; Traill 1986, 129 [II-city-1] C3 Ankyle Kathyperthen CHR NE Ardettos? RE 1; Traill 1986, 129 [II(XI) - city - 1] C3 Anydros M. Xerovouni KvA II, 18 B3 Aphaia, T. ACHRL Aphaia PECS Aigina C2 Aphidna CHR deme and fort, Kotroni RE; Traill 1986, 138 [IX - inland - 16] B2 Aphrodite, T. CHR Daphni KvA II, 47 C3 Apollo, T. CH? PECS Zoster D2 Araphen CHR W Raphina RE; Traill 1986, 128 [II - coast - 2] Ardettos M. See Lettered Sites D3 Artemis, T. ACHRL Halai Araphenides PECS Halai Araphenides C3 Artemis Brauronia, T. ACHRL Brauron PECS Brauron B1 Asopos fl. Vourienis KvA IX, 16 B2 Asty ACHRL Rhodes 1981, 252-54 C4 Astypalaia Pr. Ag. Nikolaos KvA III, 21 C4 Atene CHR deme and fort, Charaka Traill 1986, 140; Lohmann 1993, 50-59 [X(XII)-coast-3] D4 Athena, T CHR Sounion PECS Sounion B3 Athenae ACHRL Athina / Athens Travlos 1971, 158-79; 1988, 23-51; NPauly Athenai B3 Athena Skiras, T. CHR Arapis KvA VII, 32 C2 Athmonon CHR Amarousion RE; Traill 1986, 135 [VII - inland - 6?(10?)] B2 Attica ACHRL Attiki Travlos 1988, 52-54; NPauly Attika B1 Aulis ACHRL Mikro Vathy / Ag. Fossey 1988, 68-74; NPauly Nikolaos B2 Azenia? CHR S Kokkini Vanderpool 1979, 245 (n. 26); [VIII - inland*? - 2] Traill 1986, 137 C3 Bate? CHR Ambelokipi Philippson 1952, 889; Traill 1986, 127 [II - city - 2/1] C2 Beletsi CHRL WNW Aphidna Ober 1985, 144-45 D4 Besa CHR deme and fort, Synterina Eliot 1962, 117-24; Traill 1986, 140 [X-coast-2] A1 Boeotia Boiotia See Map 55 A3 Boudoron C SE Parama McLeod 1960, 320 B3 Boutadai CHR NW Kerameis Judeich 1931, 174; Traill 1986, 133 [VI-city-1] Brilessos M. = Pentelikon M. MAP 59 ATTICA 907 Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference [Phyle-Trittys-Quota] C2 Charadra fl. Charadra KvA III, 46 Choirades? Inss. = Pharmakoussai? Inss. B2 Cholargos CHR near Kato Liosia RE; Traill 1986, 132 [V-city-4(6)] B3 Choma? CH W Plateia Karaskakis KvA I, 53; Garland 1987, 151, 218 B3 Daidalidai CHR N Alopeke RE; Traill 1986, 135 [VII(XII) - city - 1] D3 Deiradiotai? CHR Daskalio RE; Traill 1986, 131 [IV(XI)-coast-2] C2 Dekeleia CHR deme and fort, near Tatoi Koumanoudes 1883, 68; Traill 1986, 137 [VIII - inland - 4(5?)] B1 Delion CHR Delesi See Map 55 B2 Dema CHRL Ober 1985, 150-51; Munn 1993, 63-95 B2 Demeter, T. ACHRL Eleusis PECS Eleusis B2 Diakris C NE Attica Traill 1978, 96 B3 Diomeia CHR near Diomeian gate, SE of Travlos 1970; Traill 1986, 128 wall [II(XII) - coast* - 1] Eetioneia Pr.