Future Lunar Missions: Plans and Opportunities Leon Alkalai, JPL New Approaches to Lunar Ice Detection and Mapping Workshop Keck Institute of Space Studies July 22nd – July 25th, 2013 California Institute of Technology Some Lunar Robotic Science & Exploration Mission Formulation Studies at JPL (2003 – 2013) MoonRise New Frontiers GRAIL (2005-2007) Moonlight (2003-2004) (2005-2012) Lunette – Discovery Proposal Pre-Phase A Network of small landers (2005-2011) MIRANDA: cold trap access (2010) Lunar Impactor (2006) Other Lunar Science & Exploration Studies at JPL (2003 – 2013) • Sample Acquisition and Transfer Systems (SATS) • Landers: hard landers, soft landers, powered descent, hazard avoidance, nuclear powered lander and rover • Sub-surface access: penetrators deployed from orbit, drills, heat- flow probe, etc. • Surface mobility: Short-range, long-range, access to cold traps in deep craters • CubeSats and other micro-spacecraft deployed e.g. gravity mapping • International Studies & Discussions: – MoonLITE lunar orbiter and probes with UKSA – Farside network of lunar landers, with ESA, CNES, IPGP – Lunar Exploration Orbiter (LEO) with DLR – Lunar Com Relay Satellite with ISRO – Canadian Space Agency: robotics, surface mobility – In-situ science with RSA, landers, rovers – JAXA lunar landers, rovers – Korean Space Agency 7/23/2013 L. Alkalai, JPL 3 Robotic Missions to the Moon: Just in the last decade: 2003 - 2013 • Smart-1 ESA September 2003 • Chang’e-1 China October 2007 • SELENE-1 Japan September 2007 • Chandrayaan-1 India October 2008 – M3, Mini-SAR USA • LRO USA June 2009 • LCROSS USA June 2009 • Chang’e-2 China October 2010 • GRAIL USA September 2011 • LADEE USA September 6 th , 2013 7/23/2013 L. Alkalai, JPL 4 GRAIL: Gravity Recovery And Interior Laboratory demonstrated 30 nm/s range rate measurement X-band Radio Science Beacon S-band link Telecom/Nav S-band Timing Code Ka-band ranging Maria Zuber, MIT, PI Dave E. Smith, GSFC, DPI Leon Alkalai, CL, JPL MoonRise Lunar sample Return from South Pole-Aitken Basin Bradley L. Jolliff, PI Leon Alkalai, CL Johnson Space Center Ames Research Center Langley Research Center Kennedy Space Center The technical data in this document is controlled under the U.S. Export Regulations, release to foreign persons may require an export authorization. Use or disclosure of information contained on this sheet is subject to the restriction on the title page of this document. 7/23/2013 7 Overview of MoonRise Mission Lunar Orbit ~100 km x 1830 km Trans-Lunar S-Band (3.5-hour period) Cruise 108 days Radio to UHF Relay DSN to lander Trans-Lunar Trans-Earth Cruise 125 Cruise days 137 days Lunar Arrival SRC Separation Separation Maneuver LAV De- commissioning Moon, SPA basin Deflected from Earth-Moon 10-day surface operations System DSN - ComSat timeline S-Band Two Landing SRC Landing at Site Workshops Utah Test & prior to PDR; Training Range Landing site (UTTR ) selection by CDR Preliminary Sample Examination, JSC Analysis – PDR CDR Return + 6 Mo; Return + 2 yrs Apr Apr Jul Nov Apr Nov May 11/22 12/01 2013 2014 2016 2016 2017 2017 2019 MoonRise Overview Use or disclosure of information contained on this sheet is subject to the restriction on the title page of this document. 8 Lunette Lu nar Geophysical Net work Clive Neal, PI, UND John Elliott, CL, JPL Lunette: Network of Small Lunar Landers Pressurant Tank (PSI 80345) Langmuir Probe Context Cameras (3) Solar Array Retroreflector (shown stowed) Magnetometer /Electrometer (shown stowed) SEIS Seismometer (shown stowed) Instrument Mole/Heat Probe Deployment Arm (shown stowed) WEB Thruster Cluster (2 MR-107S & 3 MR-103G) Propellant Tank (PSI 80298) Thermal Reflector (1 of 3) 10 10 Moon Ice Resource Abundance & Natural Distribution Assessment (MIRANDA) Leon Alkalai, Ben Solish & George Chen 7/23/2013 11 Example of a Mother/daughter System •Moonrise Lander •ATHLETE Mother-ship Mobile daughters with science payload •Mother-ship with science payload; provides •Axel Daughter-ship power/comm. to daughters Tether provides power/comm. to daughters 7/23/2013 12 ORION/MoonRise: Joint Human-Robotic LUNAR Sample Return Mission Concept Orion/MoonRise: Mission Architecture (LEAG 2012, IEEE Aerospace 2013) Capture and Hab EML2 Arrival Rendezvous EML2 Orbit Sample Transfer Departure ~3 month Remote Land Low-Energy LAV Ops Lunar Transfer Lunar Ascent Lunar Surface Flyby Flyby 10 Day MR EML1 Arrival Surface Mission EML1 Orbit MR Descent 3.5 days to Flyby, 8 days to Service EML2 Module Low Earth Expended Orbit: 185 km Human Mission: Direct Entry, MPCV 31+ days Landing MoonRise Habitation Module Habitation EARTH 7/23/2013 L. Alkalai, JPL 14 InSight NASA Discovery-12 Competition Leon Alkalai, Capture Lead JPL JPL D-75337 The next Mars Lander: InSight 2016 SEIS is sensitive to displacements of ~2.5x10 -11 m 7/23/2013 L. Alkalai, JPL 16 NASA Lunar Landers under development MSFC & APL: Mighty Eagle Lunar Lander JSC: Morpheus Lunar Lander ARC: LANDEE JPL: MoonRise Lander & Sample Return Vehicle (SRV) $30M Lunar X PRIZE Sponsored by $20M Grand Google and Prize to first managed by private team the X PRIZE to land on Foundation Moon, travel 500 meters and broadcast A follow-on HD images and challenge to video to Earth the successful $10M Ansari X PRIZE for the first private spaceship A Vision of a Permanent Robotic Village on the Moon Robotic Assembly of Human Habitats, Infrastructure on the Moon Publications Orion/MoonRise: Leon Alkalai et. al., “Orion/MoonRise: A Proposed Human & Robotic Sample Return Mission from the Lunar South-Pole Aitken Basin,”., IEEE Aerospace 2013, Big Sky. MoonRise: Jolliff, B. L., C. Shearer, D. Papanastassiou, L. Alkalai , R. Jaumann, G. Osinski, and the MoonRise Science Team (2010) MoonRise sample return from the South Pole-Aitken Basin. Lunar Exploration Analysis Group (LEAG) Annual Meeting, Sep. 14-17, Washington, DC. Jolliff, B. L., L. Alkalai , C.M. Pieters, J. W. Head III, D. A. Papanastassiou, and E. B. Bierhaus, (2010) Sampling the South Pole- Aitken Basin: Objectives and site selection criteria. Lunar and Planetary Science 41, #2450. Trebi-Ollennu, Ashitey , …, Alkalai, Leon , “ Lunar Surface Operation Testbed (LSOT) ”, Aerospace Conference, 2012 IEEE, March 3-10, 2012, Big Sky, MT, USA. 7/23/2013 L. Alkalai, JPL 21 Publications Lunette: Alkalai, L., and J.O. Elliott, “Lunette: A Global Network of Small Lunar Landers”, presented at the Joint Annual Meeting of LEAG-ICEUM-SRR, Cape Canaveral, FL, October 30, 2008. Babuscia, A., L. Alkalai, J. Elliott, D. W. Miller, “Multi-Objective Optimization Methodology for Communication Systems with Application to Lunar Robotic Exploration”, Proceedings of 61st International Astronautical Congress, Prague, 2010. Bailey, Z., A. Babuscia, L. Alkalai, J. Elliott, D. W. Miller, “A Trade Space Model for Distributed Lunar Surface Exploration”, Proceedings of 60 th International Astronautical Congress, South Korea, 2009. Elliott, J.O. and L. Alkalai, “Lunette: A Network of Lunar Landers for In-situ Geophysical Science”, Acta Astronautica 68 (2011), 1201-1207, April-May, 2011. 7/23/2013 L. Alkalai, JPL 22 Publications Lunette: Elliott, J.O. and L. Alkalai, “Concept for a Lunar Transfer Vehicle for Small Satellite Delivery to the Moon from the International Space Station”, Paper No. IAC-10-B4.8.8, Proceedings of the 61 st International Astronautical Congress, Prague, Cz., October, 2010. Elliott, J.O. and L. Alkalai, “A Discovery-Class Lunette Mission Concept for a Lunar Geophysical Network”, IAC-10-B4.8.5, Proceedings of the 61 st International Astronautical Congress, Prague, Cz., October, 2010. Elliott, J.O., and L. Alkalai, “Lunette: A Low-Cost Concept Enabling Multi-Lander Lunar Science and Exploration Missions”, Acta Astronautica 66 (2010), 269-278, June, 2009. Jones, M.A, J.O. Elliott, and L. Alkalai, “Systems Engineering Approach and Design Trades for the Lunette Geophysical Network Lander”, Paper No. 1211, Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Big Sky, MT, March 6-13, 2010. 7/23/2013 L. Alkalai, JPL 23 Publications InSight A. Trebi-Ollenu, A. L. Rankin, K. Tso, R. G. Deen, H. Aghazarian, E. A. Kulczycki, R. G. Bonitz, and L. Alkalai , “Instrument Deployment Testbed for Planetary Geophysical Exploration,”, IEEE Aerospace, 2013, Big Sky, Montana. Farside Explorer “Farside explorer: Unique science from a mission to the farside of the moon,” Mimoun, D., Wieczorek, M.A., Alkalai, L ., Banerdt, W.B., et. al., Experimental Astronomy, Vo. 33, Issue 2-3, 2012, pp. 529 – 585. 7/23/2013 L. Alkalai, JPL 24.