University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Theses (Historic Preservation) Graduate Program in Historic Preservation 2010 From Dockyard to Esplanade: Leveraging Industrial Heritage in Waterfront Redevelopment Jayne O. Spector University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses Part of the Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons Spector, Jayne O., "From Dockyard to Esplanade: Leveraging Industrial Heritage in Waterfront Redevelopment" (2010). Theses (Historic Preservation). 150. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/150 Suggested Citation: Spector, Jayne O. (2010). "From Dockyard to Esplanade: Leveraging Industrial Heritage in Waterfront Redevelopment." (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/150 For more information, please contact [email protected]. From Dockyard to Esplanade: Leveraging Industrial Heritage in Waterfront Redevelopment Abstract The outcomes of preserving and incorporating industrial building fabric and related infrastructure, such as railways, docks and cranes, in redeveloped waterfront sites have yet to be fully understood by planners, preservationists, public administrators or developers. Case studies of Pittsburgh, Baltimore, Philadelphia/ Camden, Dublin, Glasgow, examine the industrial history, redevelopment planning and approach to preservation and adaptive reuse in each locale. The effects of contested industrial histories, planning approach, funding, environmental remediation, building materials and scale are evaluated as how they impact preservation outcomes. The case studies reveal a trend towards preservation of industrial waterfront buildings and infrastructure and demonstrate how such preservation has been leveraged to contribute to the success of re-purposed urban waterfronts. Keywords Historic Preservation; Industrial; waterfront Disciplines Architecture | Historic Preservation and Conservation Comments Suggested Citation: Spector, Jayne O. (2010). "From Dockyard to Esplanade: Leveraging Industrial Heritage in Waterfront Redevelopment." (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This thesis or dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/150 FROM DOCKYARD TO ESPLANADE: LEVERAGING INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE IN WATERFRONT REDEVELOPMENT Jayne O. Spector A THESIS in Historic Preservation Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement of the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN HISTORIC PRESERVATION 2010 ________________________ Advisor Randall F. Mason Associate Professor ______________________________ Program Chair Randall F. Mason Associate Professor TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. iii List of Figures ...................................................................................................................... iv Part 1 ....................................................................................................................................7 1. Introduction ...............................................................................................................7 2. Literature Review and other Perspectives ..................................................................17 3. Case Studies .............................................................................................................43 Part 2 ................................................................................................................................102 4. Issues: Grappling with Industrial Narratives and Artifacts ......................................102 5. Trends: Toward Preservation ..................................................................................113 6. Recommendations: Five Lessons for Philadelphia ...................................................128 Figures ..............................................................................................................................138 Bibliography ......................................................................................................................199 Index .................................................................................................................................206 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many people, without whom this thesis would not have been possible. Joseph Elliot provided some of the vivid photos that show the true promise of these industrial sites better than my words could express. His ability to capture the essence of these industrial landscapes on film is crucial to their documentation and preservation. I would also like to thank the many professionals and officials who consented to interviews including Richard Haag, FASLA, Edward Muller, PhD, University of Pittsburgh, Professor of History, Ronald Baraff, archivist for Rivers of Steel, and Thomas Dalfo, Vice President of Development for the Philadelphia Industrial Development Corporation and many others who spoke freely and provided valuable information on which this thesis is built. I owe a special debt of gratitude to my advisor, Randall Mason, for his excellent advice, and tireless encouragement throughout my research and writing. His knowledge of the field of preservation planning has been instrumental in helping me to write this thesis. I would also like thank Michael Angelo Larice, Associate Professor of Urban Design for his guidance on the subject of urban form. Many others have played an important part in my years at Penn including Frank Matero, Donovan Rypkema, John Milner, John Dixon Hunt, Aaron Wunsch, Judy Peters, John Hinchman and Suzanne Hyndman who keeps it all together, as well as the many classmates who have offered their insight and support over the years. Mostly, would like to thank my husband, Don, who graciously dealt with the more than occasional predicaments, technical snafus and financial challenges that came along with a wife and two sons attending university simultaneously. This work is dedicated to Don, Everett and Nathan, who make it all worthwhile. iii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Port Richmond Pier, Philadelphia. Photo: Philadelphia Department Records (c.1928) .. 138 Figure 2 Dipping hand in Cuyahoga River. Photo: M. Green, Cleveland Plain Dealer (c.1960) .... 138 Figure 3 Matrix of Industrial Waterfront Redevelopment ............................................................. 139 Figure 4 Gas Works Park, Seattle/. Photo: R. Haag (2008) .......................................................... 140 Figure 5 Landschaftspark Duisburg Nord. Photo: Benutzer Ra'ike (2009) ................................... 140 Figure 6 Landschaftspark Duisburg Nord. Photo: J.E.B. Elliot (c.1997) ...................................... 141 Figure 7 The New York High Line. Photo: J. Spector (2009) ....................................................... 141 Figure 8 Blast Furnace West of No.2-200, Bethlehem. Photo: J.E.B. Elliot (c.1992) ..................... 142 Figure 9 Blast Furnace, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Photo: J.E.B. Elliot (c.1992) .......................... 142 Figure 10 Mill Ruins Park, Minneapolis. Photo: Bobak Ha'Eri (2007) ........................................ 143 Figure 11 Granville Island. Photo: Vancouver Archives (1922) .................................................... 144 Figure 12. Granville Island Photo: F. Zhatt (2005) ....................................................................... 144 Figure 13 East River Waterfront Pier15.Rendering for Piers Park press release ............................. 145 Figure 14 Olympic Sculpture Park, Seattle Photo: B. Benschneider Topos (2007) ........................ 145 Figure 15 Pedestrian Connection to Elliot Bay, Seattle. Photo: J. Spector (2010) ......................... 146 Figure 16 Railroad and Route 99 at pedestrian walkway, Seattle. Photo: J. Spector (2010) ........... 147 Figure 17 Portion of 1882 Hopkins Insurance Atlas of Pittsburgh ............................................... 148 Figure 18 Pittsburgh's Point. Photo: Frank E. Bingaman (1919) .................................................. 149 Figure 19 Pittsburgh's Point. Photo: Paul Slantis (1953) .............................................................. 149 Figure 20 Pittsburgh's Point. Photo: Corbis Bettmann (1975) ..................................................... 150 Figure 21 Concrete arch highway overpass at Point State Park. Photo: J. Spector (2010) ............. 150 Figure 22 Gateway Center, Pittsburgh. Photo: J. Spector (2010) .................................................. 151 Figure 23 Clinton Furnace machinery at Station Square Plaza. Photo: J. Spector (2010) .............. 152 Figure 24 Carrie Furnaces, Monongahela Valley, Pennsylvania. Photo: J. Spector (2010) ............ 153 Figure 25 The Cork Factory, Pittsburgh. Photo: J. Spector (2010) .............................................. 153 Figure 26 Gantry crane at Homestead Works. Photo: J. Spector (2010) ....................................... 154 Figure 27 New smokestacks at Homestead Works. Photo: J. Spector (2010) ................................ 154 Figure 28 Rivers of Steel Interpretive Signage, Southside Works. Photo: J. Spector (2010)........... 155 Figure 29 Furnace parking structure sign at Southside Works. Photo: J. Spector (2010) .............. 156 Figure 30 Portion of 1906