City of Dallas Water Conservation Five-Year Strategic Plan Updated June 2010 TBPE Registration No. 13 In association with Amy Vickers & Associates, Inc. CP&Y, Inc. Miya Water BDS Technologies, Inc. TABLE OF CONTENTS ES. Executive Summary .........................................................................................................ES-1 ES.1. Strategic Planning Process ......................................................................................ES-1 ES.2. City of Dallas Water Use Profile .............................................................................ES-1 ES.3. Identification and Screening of Potential Water Conservation Strategies ..............ES-5 ES.4. Detailed Evaluation of Selected Water Conservation Strategies ............................ES-7 Projected Water Savings ..................................................................................ES-8 Benefit-Cost Analysis ......................................................................................ES-9 ES.5. Recommended Implementation Plan, FY 2010-11 through FY 2014-15 .............ES-10 Recommended New or Enhanced Water Conservation Strategies ................ES-11 Recommended DWU Staff Increases ............................................................ES-20 Recommended Water Conservation Division Budgets .................................ES-20 1. Introduction, Objectives, and Goals ................................................................................... 1-1 1.1. Historical Background and the Need for Water Conservation .................................. 1-1 1.2. Strategic Plan Development Process ......................................................................... 1-2 Data Collection and Analysis ............................................................................ 1-2 Coordination with Other Water Conservation Planning Efforts ....................... 1-2 Review of Water Conservation Programs in Other Large Cities ...................... 1-3 Review of the DWU Water Conservation Program .......................................... 1-3 Review of Other City of Dallas Plans ............................................................... 1-3 Development of Candidate Water Conservation Strategies .............................. 1-3 Evaluation of Water Conservation Strategies .................................................... 1-3 Development of the Updated Strategic Plan ..................................................... 1-4 1.3. Use of the Updated Strategic Plan ............................................................................. 1-4 1.4. Long-Term Goals ...................................................................................................... 1-4 2. State of Texas Initiatives and Requirements for Water Conservation ............................... 2-1 2.1. Water Conservation Legislation ................................................................................ 2-1 2.2. Regional Water Planning Process ............................................................................. 2-3 2.3. Water Conservation Implementation Task Force ...................................................... 2-5 2.4. Water Conservation Advisory Council ..................................................................... 2-5 3. Description of the DWU Water System ............................................................................. 3-1 3.1. Water Supply Sources ............................................................................................... 3-1 Western System ................................................................................................. 3-2 Eastern System .................................................................................................. 3-3 Others ................................................................................................................ 3-3 3.2. Water Treatment Plants ............................................................................................. 3-3 3.3. Treated Water Storage and Distribution Systems ..................................................... 3-6 i TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) 3.4. Raw and Treated Water Costs ................................................................................... 3-7 Raw Water Costs ............................................................................................... 3-7 Treated Water Costs .......................................................................................... 3-7 3.5. Wastewater Treatment Plants .................................................................................... 3-8 3.6. Summary of Changes ................................................................................................ 3-9 4. Population and Water Supply/Demand Forecasts .............................................................. 4-1 4.1. Population Projections ............................................................................................... 4-1 4.2. Water Demand Projections ........................................................................................ 4-1 4.3. Future Water Supply Sources .................................................................................... 4-3 2005 Update to the Long Range Water Supply Plan ......................................... 4-3 2011 Region C Initially Prepared Water Plan ................................................... 4-4 5. City of Dallas Water Use Profile ........................................................................................ 5-1 5.1. Description of Available DWU Water Use Data ...................................................... 5-1 Water User Categories ....................................................................................... 5-1 Customer Billing Data ....................................................................................... 5-1 5.2. Data Quality Control ................................................................................................. 5-4 5.3. Water Use by Category (FY 2003-04 to FY 2007-08) .............................................. 5-4 Seasonal Water Use Patterns ............................................................................. 5-7 Normalization of Retail Water Use ................................................................... 5-9 5.4. Analysis of Residential Water Use .......................................................................... 5-12 Residential Customer Billing Data .................................................................. 5-12 Residential Water Use Analysis ...................................................................... 5-13 Normalization of Residential Water Use ......................................................... 5-22 Key Findings about Residential Water Use ..................................................... 5-22 5.5. Analysis of ICI Water Use ...................................................................................... 5-24 ICI Customer Billing Data ............................................................................... 5-24 ICI Water Use Analysis ................................................................................... 5-24 Normalization of Commercial and Industrial Water Use ................................ 5-32 Key Findings about ICI Water Use ................................................................. 5-39 5.6. Analysis of Water Losses ........................................................................................ 5-40 Apparent Losses .............................................................................................. 5-42 Real Losses ...................................................................................................... 5-45 Valuation of Water Losses .............................................................................. 5-45 5.7. High-Flow Plumbing Fixtures ................................................................................. 5-46 6. Recycling/Reuse of Treated Wastewater Effluent ............................................................. 6-1 6.1. DWU Recycled Water Planning ................................................................................ 6-1 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Recycled Water Implementation Plan ............................................................... 6-1 Exchange of Recycled Water with North Texas Municipal Water District ...... 6-1 Other Return Flows ........................................................................................... 6-2 Summary of Projected Recycled Water Supplies .............................................. 6-2 6.2. Water Conservation and Recycled Water.................................................................. 6-2 6.3. Other Benefits ............................................................................................................ 6-4 7. Description of the DWU Water Conservation Program ..................................................... 7-1 7.1. Water Conservation Program History ....................................................................... 7-1 7.2. City Leadership and Commitment Strategies ............................................................ 7-2 Water Conservation Division Staff ................................................................... 7-3 Water Loss Control ............................................................................................ 7-3 Water Conservation Ordinance Revision .........................................................