Oulu Trondheim Umeå Tampere Helsinki StockholTallinn m Edinburgh Helsingborg Copenhagen Newcastle Sunderland Malmö York Frederiksberg Kaunas Blackpool Kingston-upon-Hull Gdynia KirkleLiverpool es Groningen Gdansk Dublin Manchester Sheffield AmsterdaAmersfoomrt Hamburg Nottingham Birmingham Bydgoszcz LeicesterPeterborough Utrecht s-Hertogenbosch Cardiff Cambridge The Hague Enschede Berlin Poznan Rotterdam Herne Halle Łódz BristolLondon Gelsenkirchen Bournemouth Bruges Antwerp Leipzig Wrocław Warsaw Dortmund Plymouth Southampton Ghent Brussels Dabrowa Górnicza Cologne Gliwice Brighton & Hove Amiens Charleroi Maastricht Kraków Caen PaSchaerbeekris Liège Brno Boulogne-Billancourt Košice Innovation Brest Mannheim Bratislava Rennes Baia Mare Mulhouse Boto ani Nantes ș Cluj-Napoca Lausanne Bergamo Ljubljana Lyon Milan A report by LSE Cities on Bloomberg Philanthropies’ 2014 Mayors Challenge Mayors 2014 Philanthropies’ Bloomberg on Cities LSE by A report Saint-Étienne Grenoble Verona Venice Rijeka Novi Sad Genoa Ferrara Bilbao Bologna Santander Montpellier Ruse San Sebastián Prato Florence Niš Vitoria-Gasteiz Sofia Varna León Ancona Burgos Sabadell Burgas Zaragoza Rome Stara Zagora Braga Valladolid Mataró Plovdiv Guimarães Tarragona Latina Tirana Lüleburgaz Porto Torrejón de Ardoz Coimbra MadrBarcelonid a Parla València Palma de Mallorca Ioannina Larissa Odivelas Alicante Sintra Elche Messina CascaisLisbon Murcia Palermo Acharnes Catania Granada Athens Cádiz Siracusa in Europe’s Cities in Europe’s Malaga Chania Limassol Sub heading 1 LSE Cities report team LSE Cities Ricky Burdett, Editor London School of Economics Peter Griffiths,Writer and Researcher and Political Science Catarina Heeckt, Coordinator Houghton Street Francis Moss, Information Designer London WC2A 2AE Shan Vahidy, Copy Editor United Kingdom +44 (0)20 7955 7706 LSE Cities evaluation team [email protected] Ricky Burdett, Director, LSE Cities www.lsecities.net Peter Griffiths,Researcher, LSE Cities Catarina Heeckt, Researcher, LSE Cities This report is intended as a basis for discussion. Philipp Rode, Executive Director, LSE Cities While every effort has been made to ensure the Tony Travers, Professor, Department of accuracy of the material in this report, the authors Government, LSE and/or LSE Cities will not be liable for any loss or damage incurred through the use of this report. Special thanks The 13 judges we interviewed for this report Design The 15 LSE students, from across Europe, Atelier Works, London who provided invaluable language support, particularly during the early stages of research Photography Greg Clark, City and Regional Development Page 4: Amos Chapple Advisor Page 23, 31: Marcus Bredt Page 27: Olga Lutina Page 29: Ocean/Corbis Page 35: Tupungato Press contact information For more information on the Mayors Challenge or for requests for interviews or to republish parts of this report, please contact: [email protected] Sub heading 2 About this report 5 Foreword 5 An Urban Age 6 Europe: an urban continent 8 2014 European Mayors Challenge 16 Participation in the Mayors Challenge 18 Five Core Themes 20 Economy: doing more with less 22 Civic Engagement: facilitating citizen action 24 Social Inclusion: building trust and value 26 Health and Well-being: aiding healthy living 28 Environment: securing the future 30 Winners 32 Contents Barcelona (Grand Prize Winner) 34 Athens 36 Kirklees 38 Stockholm 40 Warsaw 42 Reflections 44 Tools and approaches 44 Innovation and collaboration 44 Conclusion 45 About 46 Bloomberg Philanthropies 46 LSE Cities 46 The Mayors Challenge 47 International Jury 47 Finalist Proposals 48 Bibliography 49 With its dense urban fabric, iconic monuments and continually evolving cityscape, Barcelona epitomises the European city. Sub heading 4 About this report Foreword James Anderson Government Innovation Programme Lead, Innovation in European Cities sets out the context for Bloomberg Philanthropies Bloomberg Philanthropies’ European Mayors Challenge. It gives an overview of the key themes One of the many things that comes across We are grateful to have partnered with LSE Cities facing European cities today and provides an powerfully in this LSE Cities report is the near on the competition and this report. We benefited independent analysis of the 155 submissions to the universal need for local governments to adapt. greatly from the rigorous analysis provided by LSE award and a detailed review of the five winning Whether a result of the continued fall-out of Cities' researchers and from the strategic guidance proposals. It has been carried out by LSE Cities, the economic crisis, changing demographics or of its leadership. a research centre based at the London School of the widening trust gap between citizens and their The final pages of this report conclude that Economics and Political Science, which specialises leaders, Europe’s cities are today being asked to the Mayors Challenge “confirms that at a time of in understanding the dynamics between the urban change what they do, change what they fund and general disillusionment with systems of governance, form and urban society. change how they work. local government has the capacity to be resilient Throughout 2014, researchers from LSE Cities It is against this backdrop that Bloomberg and pro-active in ways that national governments provided input to Bloomberg Philanthropies on Philanthropies launched the European Mayors and international institutions find difficult.” the political and demographic make-up of selected Challenge, a competition for bold ideas that solve We couldn’t agree more. In times of great European cities, and carried out an objective major challenges and improve city life and have the change, that’s a capacity we want to continue to assessment of the level of innovation shown by the potential to spread to other cities. The programme elevate, celebrate and support. shortlisted proposals. In writing this report, we also is a celebration of the tremendous creativity that interviewed representatives from the winning cities. exists within local governments, as well as a call The report draws on this work as well as research to arms for cities to push further and faster to on the social, economic and political dynamics anticipate the changing needs and expectations of of cities at a global and European level, a wider their citizens. lens through which to better view and understand And push they did. In generating new the themes uncovered by the European Mayors approaches, cities utilised open innovation strategies Challenge. that broadly engaged organisations, industry and The report is organised into four parts. The first individual citizens to define problems and co-create offers an overview of global dynamics in an urban solutions. They thought strategically about building age, the second identifies the key themes addressed support for their innovations, developed robust by the submissions for the award and the third metric and measurement plans, and took advantage focuses on the five winning proposals. The report of Europe’s strong intra-city networks by leveraging concludes by offering a series of reflections on what the experience of other people in other places when the European Mayors Challenge tells us about some considering new approaches. One of the notable of the key issues facing city governments across (and inspiring) themes observed is that practically Europe today, and what lessons might be drawn every solution was concerned with connecting from the Challenge, worldwide. people to each other, either through the institutions of local government or through the better use of public spaces. 5 Moscow London Seattle Ürümqi Chicago Madrid Istanbul New York Beijing Tehran Los Angeles Tokyo Cities are growing larger at an unprecedented rate, Dallas Shanghai Chongqing Delhi but the pattern of growth is unequally distributed Cairo Riyadh Karachi across the surface of the globe. Europe and North Dhaka America had their major growth spurt in the Havana Kolkata Mexico City Hong Kong th 19 century; Latin American and Japanese cities Mumbai grew exponentially at the end of the 20th century. Manila Over the next 15 years, Asia will see a dramatic Ho Chi Minh City expansion in urban populations, followed by sub-Saharan Africa (where income levels are still Lagos 50% of population is urban Bogotá very low). At the same time, European and North Kuala Lumpur American cities are adapting to different challenges 80% of GDP is produced by cities caused by deindustrialisation, globalisation and – in 70% of energy is consumed by cities Fortaleza some cases – shrinking urban populations. Jakarta Kinshasa Dar es Salaam Cities have always been based around the flow fast-changing world. Some Asian cities are models of people, goods and capital. The information of sustainable growth. Some North American cities Lima age has accelerated the process of urbanisation, are leading the field in environmental planning and Brasília rather than reducing its pace. We know that over economic regeneration. Certain Latin American 50% of the world’s people are urban dwellers. cities in particular have demonstrated innovation by São Paulo But together they punch well above their weight, pioneering new transport and governance systems. Johannesburg generating about 80% of global Gross Domestic European cities are responding to a variety of Brisbane Product (GDP). Cities are the engines of the global political, social and economic conditions that reflect Santiago Cape Town An Urban Age economy