Reproductive isolation and host plant specialization in European corn borer pheromone strains Ene Leppik To cite this version: Ene Leppik. Reproductive isolation and host plant specialization in European corn borer pheromone strains. Animal biology. Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. English. NNT : 2011PA11T066. tel-00980568 HAL Id: tel-00980568 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00980568 Submitted on 18 Apr 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITÉ PARIS XI FACULTÉ DE MÉDECINE PARIS-SUD 2011 N° attribué par la bibliothèque THÈSE pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ PARIS XI Champs disciplinaire : Physiologie et biologie des organismes Ecole doctorale de rattachement: Signalisation, Neurosciences, Endocrinologie et Reproduction présentée et soutenue publiquement par ENE LEPPIK [28/10/2011] REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION AND HOST PLANT SPECIALIZATION IN EUROPEAN CORN BORER PHEROMONE STRAINS Isolement reproducteur et spécialisation à la plante-hôte chez les phérotypes de Pyrale du maïs (Ostrinia nubilalis) Directeur de thèse: FRÉROT Brigitte JURY Président: Mme HOSSAERT-McKEY Martine Rapporteur CNRS Montpellier M LIEUTIER François Rapporteur Université d’Orléans Mme GHASHGHAIE Jaleh Examinateur Université Paris XI M THIBORD Jean-Baptiste Examinateur ARVALIS Mme FRÉROT Brigitte Examinateur INRA Versailles Acknowledgements I am glad to have the opportunity to express my deepest gratitude to numerous people who have helped me throughout my studies on the long path to this dissertation. First, my supervisesor PhD Brigitte Frérot kind encouragement and support have brought me this far. I have been fortunate to benefit from her will and skill to share her amazing knowledge and understanding of chemical ecology. I would like to thank the Tartu University workgroup for wonderful collaboration. Prof. Toomas Tammaru for his patience and sharing his expertise and counselling me throughout this PhD study. Siiri-Lii Sandre, Helen Vellau and Aigi Margus for insect collection. My co-workers at INRA have created a friendly and motivating work atmosphere. Many thanks also to Daniela Schmidt-Buesser and Anne-Emmanuelle Félix, for their generosity with their expertise and their time. I am grateful to Romain Linard for his help with collection and good company in the lab and the field. Special thanks to my husband who has helped and supported me all a long of my struggles and studies. This study was performed at the UMR 1272, PISC Physiology of Insect Signalisation and Communication, INRA Versailles. This study was supported by a Phd scholarship from Archimedes Foundation (Estonia). We also received financial support from a grant from the Partenariat Hubert-Curien (PHC)-Parrot program (grant number: 20668RB) and French Government scholarship. 2! Table of contents List of tables................................................................................................................. 5 List of figures............................................................................................................... 6 List of original publications ....................................................................................... 7 Introduction................................................................................................................. 8 Study objectives ................................................................................................................... 9 Insect-plant relationship ................................................................................................... 10 Chapter 1: Study subjects ........................................................................................ 12 European corn borer......................................................................................................... 13 Chemical communication in European corn borer ......................................................... 16 Taxonomy of European corn borer pherotypes .............................................................. 18 European corn borer in agriculture ................................................................................. 19 European corn borer host plants ..................................................................................... 24 Maize............................................................................................................................... 24 Mugwort.......................................................................................................................... 26 Hop.................................................................................................................................. 27 Chapter 2: Volatile organic compounds ................................................................. 29 Volatile organic compounds in plants ............................................................................. 30 Green leaf volatiles ......................................................................................................... 33 Terpenes.......................................................................................................................... 34 Monoterpenes.................................................................................................................. 35 Sesquiterpenes................................................................................................................. 36 Homoterpenes ................................................................................................................. 36 Inducible volatile organic compounds............................................................................ 37 Olfactory environment...................................................................................................... 40 Paper I ................................................................................................................................ 44 Chemical landscape of maize field for host-seeking moth ............................................. 46 Paper II............................................................................................................................... 61 Diel patterns of volatile organic compounds released by maize plants: The chemical environment of the Ostrinia nubilalis moth.................................................................... 63 Chapter 3: Host plant specialization ....................................................................... 84 3! Host plant choice and recognition.................................................................................... 85 European corn borer host plants ..................................................................................... 86 Paper III............................................................................................................................. 88 Volatile organic compounds and host-plant specialization in European corn borer E and Z pheromone races.......................................................................................................... 90 Chapter 4: Assortative mating............................................................................... 115 Male scent organs ......................................................................................................... 116 Male pheromones.......................................................................................................... 118 Courtship behaviour...................................................................................................... 120 European corn borer courtship behaviour..................................................................... 121 Speciation ......................................................................................................................... 127 Sympatric speciation..................................................................................................... 128 Paper IV ................................................................................................................... 133 Male hairpencils and assortative mating in European corn borer pherotypes .............. 135 Discussion and perspectives ................................................................................... 152 References ................................................................................................................ 155 ! 4! List of tables Table 1. Taxonomy of ECB. ........................................................................................13 Table 2. ECB female sex pheromone composition......................................................16 Table 3. The taxonomy of ECB host plants .................................................................24 Table 4. VOCs occuring in more than half of the families of seed plants. ..................30 Table 5. Impact of selected abiotic stresses on emitted amounts of VOCs in maize...32 Table 6. Examples of different classes of terpenes that are considered as VOCs. ......35 Table 7. Calculated atmospheric lifetimes