DOCSLIB.ORG

Reproductive Isolation and Host Plant Specialization in European Corn Borer Pheromone Strains Ene Leppik

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Reproductive Isolation and Host Plant Specialization in European Corn Borer Pheromone Strains Ene Leppik Reproductive isolation and host plant specialization in European corn borer pheromone strains Ene Leppik To cite this version: Ene Leppik. Reproductive isolation and host plant specialization in European corn borer pheromone strains. Animal biology. Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. English. NNT : 2011PA11T066. tel-00980568 HAL Id: tel-00980568 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00980568 Submitted on 18 Apr 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITÉ PARIS XI FACULTÉ DE MÉDECINE PARIS-SUD 2011 N° attribué par la bibliothèque THÈSE pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ PARIS XI Champs disciplinaire : Physiologie et biologie des organismes Ecole doctorale de rattachement: Signalisation, Neurosciences, Endocrinologie et Reproduction présentée et soutenue publiquement par ENE LEPPIK [28/10/2011] REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION AND HOST PLANT SPECIALIZATION IN EUROPEAN CORN BORER PHEROMONE STRAINS Isolement reproducteur et spécialisation à la plante-hôte chez les phérotypes de Pyrale du maïs (Ostrinia nubilalis) Directeur de thèse: FRÉROT Brigitte JURY Président: Mme HOSSAERT-McKEY Martine Rapporteur CNRS Montpellier M LIEUTIER François Rapporteur Université d’Orléans Mme GHASHGHAIE Jaleh Examinateur Université Paris XI M THIBORD Jean-Baptiste Examinateur ARVALIS Mme FRÉROT Brigitte Examinateur INRA Versailles Acknowledgements I am glad to have the opportunity to express my deepest gratitude to numerous people who have helped me throughout my studies on the long path to this dissertation. First, my supervisesor PhD Brigitte Frérot kind encouragement and support have brought me this far. I have been fortunate to benefit from her will and skill to share her amazing knowledge and understanding of chemical ecology. I would like to thank the Tartu University workgroup for wonderful collaboration. Prof. Toomas Tammaru for his patience and sharing his expertise and counselling me throughout this PhD study. Siiri-Lii Sandre, Helen Vellau and Aigi Margus for insect collection. My co-workers at INRA have created a friendly and motivating work atmosphere. Many thanks also to Daniela Schmidt-Buesser and Anne-Emmanuelle Félix, for their generosity with their expertise and their time. I am grateful to Romain Linard for his help with collection and good company in the lab and the field. Special thanks to my husband who has helped and supported me all a long of my struggles and studies. This study was performed at the UMR 1272, PISC Physiology of Insect Signalisation and Communication, INRA Versailles. This study was supported by a Phd scholarship from Archimedes Foundation (Estonia). We also received financial support from a grant from the Partenariat Hubert-Curien (PHC)-Parrot program (grant number: 20668RB) and French Government scholarship. 2! Table of contents List of tables................................................................................................................. 5 List of figures............................................................................................................... 6 List of original publications ....................................................................................... 7 Introduction................................................................................................................. 8 Study objectives ................................................................................................................... 9 Insect-plant relationship ................................................................................................... 10 Chapter 1: Study subjects ........................................................................................ 12 European corn borer......................................................................................................... 13 Chemical communication in European corn borer ......................................................... 16 Taxonomy of European corn borer pherotypes .............................................................. 18 European corn borer in agriculture ................................................................................. 19 European corn borer host plants ..................................................................................... 24 Maize............................................................................................................................... 24 Mugwort.......................................................................................................................... 26 Hop.................................................................................................................................. 27 Chapter 2: Volatile organic compounds ................................................................. 29 Volatile organic compounds in plants ............................................................................. 30 Green leaf volatiles ......................................................................................................... 33 Terpenes.......................................................................................................................... 34 Monoterpenes.................................................................................................................. 35 Sesquiterpenes................................................................................................................. 36 Homoterpenes ................................................................................................................. 36 Inducible volatile organic compounds............................................................................ 37 Olfactory environment...................................................................................................... 40 Paper I ................................................................................................................................ 44 Chemical landscape of maize field for host-seeking moth ............................................. 46 Paper II............................................................................................................................... 61 Diel patterns of volatile organic compounds released by maize plants: The chemical environment of the Ostrinia nubilalis moth.................................................................... 63 Chapter 3: Host plant specialization ....................................................................... 84 3! Host plant choice and recognition.................................................................................... 85 European corn borer host plants ..................................................................................... 86 Paper III............................................................................................................................. 88 Volatile organic compounds and host-plant specialization in European corn borer E and Z pheromone races.......................................................................................................... 90 Chapter 4: Assortative mating............................................................................... 115 Male scent organs ......................................................................................................... 116 Male pheromones.......................................................................................................... 118 Courtship behaviour...................................................................................................... 120 European corn borer courtship behaviour..................................................................... 121 Speciation ......................................................................................................................... 127 Sympatric speciation..................................................................................................... 128 Paper IV ................................................................................................................... 133 Male hairpencils and assortative mating in European corn borer pherotypes .............. 135 Discussion and perspectives ................................................................................... 152 References ................................................................................................................ 155 ! 4! List of tables Table 1. Taxonomy of ECB. ........................................................................................13 Table 2. ECB female sex pheromone composition......................................................16 Table 3. The taxonomy of ECB host plants .................................................................24 Table 4. VOCs occuring in more than half of the families of seed plants. ..................30 Table 5. Impact of selected abiotic stresses on emitted amounts of VOCs in maize...32 Table 6. Examples of different classes of terpenes that are considered as VOCs. ......35 Table 7. Calculated atmospheric lifetimes
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) in a Heterogeneous Area Between Two Biodiversity Hotspots in Minas Gerais, Brazil
    ARTICLE Butterfly fauna (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) in a heterogeneous area between two biodiversity hotspots in Minas Gerais, Brazil Déborah Soldati¹³; Fernando Amaral da Silveira¹⁴ & André Roberto Melo Silva² ¹ Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Sistemática de Insetos. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. ² Centro Universitário UNA, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3113-5840. E-mail: [email protected] ³ ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9546-2376. E-mail: [email protected] (corresponding author). ⁴ ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-2656. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. This paper investigates the butterfly fauna of the ‘Serra do Rola-Moça’ State Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil. We eval- uate i) the seasonal variation of species richness and composition; and ii) the variation in composition of the local butterfly assemblage among three sampling sites and between the dry and rainy seasons. Sampling was carried out monthly between November 2012 and October 2013, using entomological nets. After a total sampling effort of 504 net hours, 311 species were recorded. One of them is endangered in Brazil, and eight are probable new species. Furthermore, two species were new records for the region and eight considered endemic of the Cerrado domain. There was no significant difference in species richness between the dry and the rainy seasons, however the species composition varies significantly among sampling sites. Due to its special, heterogeneous environment, which is home to a rich butterfly fauna, its preservation is important for the conservation of the regional butterfly fauna.
    [Show full text]
  • Abundance of Sesamia Nonagrioides (Lef.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on the Edges of the Mediterranean Basin
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Psyche Volume 2012, Article ID 854045, 7 pages doi:10.1155/2012/854045 Review Article Abundance of Sesamia nonagrioides (Lef.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on the Edges of the Mediterranean Basin Matilde Eizaguirre1 and Argyro A. Fantinou2 1 Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain 2 Laboratory of Ecology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece Correspondence should be addressed to Matilde Eizaguirre, [email protected] Received 5 September 2011; Revised 17 November 2011; Accepted 21 November 2011 Academic Editor: Matilda Savopoulou-Soultani Copyright © 2012 M. Eizaguirre and A. A. Fantinou. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Organisms inhabiting seasonal environments are able to synchronize their life cycles with seasonal cycles of biotic and abiotic factors. Diapause, a state of low metabolic activity and developmental arrest, is used by many insect species to cope with adverse conditions. Sesamia nonagrioides is a serious pest of corn in the Mediterranean regions and Central Africa. It is multivoltine, with two to four generations per year, that overwinters as mature larva in the northern of the Sahara desert. Our purpose was to compare theresponseoftheS. nonagrioides populations occurring in the broader circum-Mediterranean area, with particular attention to the diapause period and the different numbers of generations per season. To this end, we tried to determine whether populations in the area differ in their response to photoperiod and whether we can foresee the number of generations in different areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Paysandisia Archon (Burmeister, 1879) - the Castniid Palm Borer (Lepidoptera, Castniidae) Chapter 14: Factsheets for 80 Representative Alien Species David Lees
    Paysandisia archon (Burmeister, 1879) - The castniid palm borer (Lepidoptera, Castniidae) Chapter 14: Factsheets for 80 representative alien species David Lees To cite this version: David Lees. Paysandisia archon (Burmeister, 1879) - The castniid palm borer (Lepidoptera, Cast- niidae) Chapter 14: Factsheets for 80 representative alien species. Alien terrestrial arthropods of Europe, 4 (2), Pensoft Publishers, 2010, BioRisk, 978-954-642-555-3. hal-02928701 HAL Id: hal-02928701 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02928701 Submitted on 2 Sep 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 990 Edited by Alain Roques & David Lees / BioRisk 4(2): 855–1021 (2010) 14.65 – Paysandisia archon (Burmeister, 1879) - Th e castniid palm borer (Lepidoptera, Castniidae) Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde & David Lees Description and biological cycle: Large dayfl ying moth with clubbed antennae, wingspan 75–120 mm, upperside forewing greenish brown in both sexes, hindwing bright orange with a black band postdiscal to white spots (Photo left). Forewing underside orange, excepting beige tips. Upright fusiform eggs, about 4.7 mm. long and 1.5 mm wide, laid by the female’s extensible ovipositor between mid-June and mid-October. Fertile eggs pink, laid among palm crown fi bres, at the base of leaf rachis.
    [Show full text]
  • This File Was Created by Scanning the Printed
    J Insect Behav DOl 10.1007/sI0905-011-9289-1 Evidence for Mate Guarding Behavior in the Taylor's Checkerspot Butterfly Victoria J. Bennett· Winston P. Smith· Matthew G. Betts Revised: 29 July 20 II/Accepted: 9 August 20II ��. Springer Seicnee+Business Media, LLC 2011 Abstract Discerning the intricacies of mating systems in butterflies can be difficult, particularly when multiple mating strategies are employed and are cryptic and not exclusive. We observed the behavior and habitat use of 113 male Taylor's checkerspot butterflies (Euphydryas editha taylori). We confinned that two distinct mating strategies were exhibited; patrolling and perching. These strategies varied temporally in relation to the protandrous mating system employed. Among perching males, we recorded high site fidelity and aggressive defense of small «5 m2) territories. This telTitoriality was not clearly a function of classic or non-classic resource defense (i.e., host plants or landscape), but rather appeared to constitute guarding of female pupae (virgin females). This discrete behavior is previously undocumented for this species and has rarely been observed in butterflies. Keywords Euphydryas editha taylori . mating systems · pre-copulatory mate guarding· protandry· sexual selection Introduction Inn'asexual selection is the most conunonly observed and well-documented sexual selection process exhibited by butterfly species (Andersson 1994; Rutowski 1997; Wiklund 2003). Competition between males for sexually receptive females has led to the evolution of a large variety of mating systems in this taxon (Rutowski 1991). Among these mating systems, mate acquisition strategies, such as mate locating, V J. Bennett (18) . M. G. Betts Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University.
    [Show full text]
  • INSECT RESISTANCE MONITORING REPORT for Sesamia Nonagrioides ASSOCIATED with MON 810 MAIZE CULTIVATION in the EU
    INSECT RESISTANCE MONITORING REPORT FOR Sesamia nonagrioides ASSOCIATED WITH MON 810 MAIZE CULTIVATION IN THE EU Season 2017 CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Insect collection 4 2.2. Insect culture 5 2.3. Quality of the laboratory strain 5 2.4. Cry1Ab protein 6 2.5. Bioassays 7 2.5.1. Susceptibility of the reference strains of S. nonagrioides 7 and O. nubilalis to the Cry1Ab protein in dose-response bioassays 2.5.2. Susceptibility of S. nonagrioides to the Cry1Ab protein in 8 diagnostic concentration bioassays 2.5.3. Larval development on MON 810 tissue 8 2.6. Statistical analysis 9 3. Results and Discussion 3.1. Collection of larvae 9 3.2. Susceptibility of the reference strains to the C ry1Ab protein in 10 dose-response bioassays 3.3. Diagnostic concentration bioassays 11 3.4. Confirmatory experiment: Development of larvae on MON 810 12 leaves 4. Summary of results 13 5. Concluding remarks 14 6. References 15 7. Tables and Figures 17-26 Annex I Stepwise approach followed to do the bioassays 27 Annex II Map with the sampling locations of S. nonagrioides larvae in 2017 28-29 Annex III Map with the sampling locations of O. nubilalis larvae in 2017 30-31 1 1. Introduction Maize containing event MON 810 is transgenic improved maize expressing the Cry1Ab protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki , and conferring protection against certain lepidopteran insect pests such as Ostrinia nubilalis and Sesamia nonagrioides . Resistance development in targeted lepidopteran pests is a potential concern arising from the widespread cultivation of MON 810 maize varieties.
    [Show full text]
  • First Detection of a Sesamia Nonagrioides Resistance Allele to Bt Maize in Europe Received: 1 November 2017 Ana M
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN First detection of a Sesamia nonagrioides resistance allele to Bt maize in Europe Received: 1 November 2017 Ana M. Camargo1,2, David A. Andow2, Pedro Castañera1 & Gema P. Farinós 1 Accepted: 9 February 2018 The Ebro Valley (Spain) is the only hotspot area in Europe where resistance evolution of target pests Published: xx xx xxxx to Cry1Ab protein is most likely, owing to the high and regular adoption of Bt maize (>60%). The high-dose/refuge (HDR) strategy was implemented to delay resistance evolution, and to be efective it requires the frequency of resistance alleles to be very low (<0.001). An F2 screen was performed in 2016 to estimate the frequency of resistance alleles in Sesamia nonagrioides from this area and to evaluate if the HDR strategy is still working efectively. Out of the 137 isofemale lines screened on Cry1Ab maize leaf tissue, molted larvae and extensive feeding were observed for two consecutive generations in one line, indicating this line carried a resistance allele. The frequency of resistance alleles in 2016 was 0.0036 (CI 95% 0.0004–0.0100), higher but not statistically diferent from the value obtained in 2004– 2005. Resistance does not seem to be evolving faster than predicted by a S. nonagrioides resistance evolution model, but the frequency of resistance is now triple the value recommended for an efective implementation of the HDR strategy. Owing to this, complementary measures should be considered to further delay resistance evolution in the Ebro Valley. Te commercial use of genetically engineered (GE) crops in Europe has been controversial.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of the Creatonotos Transiens-Group (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) from Sulawesi, Indonesia
    Bonner zoologische Beiträge Band 55 (2006) Heft 2 Seiten 113–121 Bonn, Juli 2007 A new species of the Creatonotos transiens-group (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) from Sulawesi, Indonesia Vladimir V. DUBATOLOV* & Jeremy D. HOLLOWAY** * Siberian Zoological Museum of the Institute of Animal Systematics and Ecology, Novosibirsk, Russia ** Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London, U.K. Abstract. A new species from Sulawesi (Celebes), Creatonotos kishidai Dubatolov & Holloway is described. It is cha- racterized by the presence of a sclerotized spine-bearing band which envelops the aedeagus apex, presence of spining on the juxta, and small peniculi (finger-like processes) at the bases of the transtilla, which are longer than in the widespre- ad Oriental C. transiens (Walker, 1855) and shorter than in C. wilemani Rothschild, 1933 from the Philippines. The ho- lotype of the new species is deposited in the Siberian Zoological Museum of the Institute of Animal Systematics and Ecology, Novosibirsk, Russia. Study of a topotype of C. transiens vacillans (Walker, 1855) showed that it is a senior syn- onym of C. t. orientalis Nakamura, 1976. C. ananthakrishanani Kirti et Kaleka, 1999 is synonymized with the nomino- typical subspecies of C. transiens (Walker, 1855). The lectotype of C. transiens (Walker, 1855) is designated in the BMNH collection from “N. India, Kmorah” (misspelling of “Almorah”). Keywords. Tiger-moth, Arctiidae, Arctiinae, Creatonotos, Creatonotos transiens-group, new species, Sulawesi, Indo- nesia. 1. INTRODUCTION The genus Creatonotos Hübner, [1819] 1816 consists of to subgenus Phissama Moore, 1860, the species having a set of unrevised Afrotropical species (GOODGER & WAT- forewings without a streak along the posterior vein of the SON 1995) and seven species from South Asia and neigh- cell, and having short, drawing-pin-like cornuti on the bouring territories.
    [Show full text]
  • Bunch Moth, Tirathaba Rufivena (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Infestation Census from Oil Palm Plantation on Peat Soil in Sarawak
    Serangga20(1): 43-53 ISSN 1394-5130 © 2015, Centre for Insects Systematic, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia BUNCH MOTH, TIRATHABA RUFIVENA (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) INFESTATION CENSUS FROM OIL PALM PLANTATION ON PEAT SOIL IN SARAWAK Zulkefli Masijan, Norman Kamarudin, Ramle Moslim, Alindra Gerald Sintik, Siti Nurul Hidayah Ahmad and Siti Ramlah Ahmad Ali Biological Research Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Corresponding email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Tirathaba rufivena is the major pest in oil palm plantation planted in peat soil in Sarawak. High infestation was reported in Miri, Mukah and Sibu. Censuses on the infestation of T. rufivena were conducted at three different locations, i.e. in Miri (young palm), Mukah (mature palm) and Sibu (ablation samples). Samples for census were taken from infested bunches, female and male inflorescences. The census was done by chopping the bunches and the female inflorescences while for the male inflorescences, the bottom of spikelets were cut to determine the number of live larvae and pupae. The census 44 Serangga reveiled that in Sibu, a high infestation of T. rufivena was found on male inflorescences compared to bunches of female inflorescences. The mean number of live larvae found in male inflorescences for the first and second day of census recorded 35.3 ± 15.7 and 14.0 ± 7.3, respectively. The highest number of live larvae recorded from male inflorescences was 207 and 65, respectively. Meanwhile, the mean number of live larvae from infested bunches and female inflorescences on the first day were 9.9 ± 3.5 and 19.4 ± 4.4, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Quinolizidine Alkaloid Consumption and Seed Feeding Behavior on Caterpillar Growth
    Effect of Quinolizidine Alkaloid Consumption and Seed Feeding Behavior on Caterpillar Growth Hannah Hartung Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder Thesis Defense Date: April 2, 2019 Thesis Advisor: Dr. M. Deane Bowers, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Committee: Dr. M. Deane Bowers, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Dr. BarBara Demmig-Adams, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Dr. Nick Schneider, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences Abstract Caterpillars who feed on a wide variety of plant hosts must adapt to the defenses of every plant they feed on. For seed-eating caterpillars this can be particularly difficult, because, as the reproductive source for the plant and thus the determinant of how future generations succeed, the seed is one of the most heavily defended bodies on a plant. Helicoverpa zea, the corn earworm, is both a seed eater and a generalist, feeding on plants belonging to over 30 families, including both agricultural crops and native plants, such as Lupinus texensis (Texas bluebonnet). I studied the corn earworm and Texas bluebonnet to answer three questions: i) what is the feeding behavior of these seed eating caterpillars, ii) how do these generalists respond to the presence of quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) in their seed diet, and iii) what is the fate of these compounds after they are consumed by a generalist caterpillar? I observed that corn earworms exhibit highly variable feeding behavior and travel around the plant to feed from dispersed sources on the plant. In order to understand the effect of plant toxin defense on caterpillar growth, I fed corn earworms on varying concentration diets of Lupinus texensis seeds (containing QAs).
    [Show full text]
  • Nota Lepidopterologica
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Nota lepidopterologica Jahr/Year: 2002 Band/Volume: 25 Autor(en)/Author(s): Garcia-Barros Enrique Artikel/Article: Taxonomic patterns in the egg to body size allometry of butterflies and skippers (Papilionoidea & Hesperiidae) 161-175 ©Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica; download unter http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ und www.zobodat.at Nota lepid. 25 (2/3): 161-175 161 Taxonomic patterns in the egg to body size allometry of butter- flies and skippers (Papilionoidea & Hesperiidae) Enrique Garcia-Barros Departmento de Biologia (Zool.), Universidad Autönoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain e-mail: [email protected] Summary. Former studies have shown that there is an interspecific allometric relationship between egg size and adult body size in butterflies and skippers. This is here re-assessed at the family and subfamily levels in order to determine to what extent the overall trend is uniform through different taxonomic lineages. The results suggest that different subtaxa are characterised by different allometric slopes. Al- though statistical analysis across species means is known to be potentially misleading to assess evolu- tionary relations, it is shown that the comparison of apparent patterns (based on species means) with inferred evolutionary trends (based on independent contrasts) may help to understand the evolution of egg size in butterflies. Further, intuitive reconsideration of statistically non-significant results may prove informative. As an example, argumentation in favour of a positive association between large egg size and the use of monocotyledon plants as larval food is presented. Taxa where atypical allometric trends are found include the Riodininae and Theclini (Lycaenidae), the Graphiini (Papilionidae), and the Heliconiinae (Nymphalidae).
    [Show full text]
  • In the Arctiid Moth Creatonotos Transiens A
    Organ Specific Storage of Dietary Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in the Arctiid Moth Creatonotos transiens A. Egelhaaf, K. Cölln, B. Schmitz, M. Buck Zoologisches Institut der Universität, Im Weyertal 119, D-5000 Köln 41, Bundesrepublik Deutschland M. Wink* Pharmazeutisches Institut der Universität, Saarstraße 21, D-6500 Mainz, Bundesrepublik Deutschland D. Schneider Max-Planck-Institut für Verhaltensphysiologie, D-8130 Seewiesen/Starnberg, Bundesrepublik Deutschland Z. Naturforsch. 45c, 115-120(1990); received September 25, 1989 Creatonotos, Arctiidae, Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids, Heliotrine Metabolism, Storage Larvae of the arctiid moth Creatonotos transiens obtained each 5 mg of heliotrine, a pyrroli­ zidine alkaloid, via an artificial diet. 7 S-Heliotrine is converted into its enantiomer, 7 Ä-heliotrine, and some minor metabolites, such as callimorphine. IS- and 7 /?-heliotrine are present in the insect predominantly (more than 97%) as their N-oxides. The distribution of heliotrine in the organs and tissues of larvae, prepupae, pupae and imagines was analyzed by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. A large proportion of the alkaloid is stored in the integu­ ment of all developmental stages, where it probably serves as a chemical defence compound against predators. Female imagines had transferred substantial amounts of heliotrine to their ovaries and subsequently to their eggs; males partly directed it to their pheromone biosyn­ thesis. Introduction and -dissipating organ, the corema [6, 7]. The The East-Asian arctiid moth Creatonotos tran­ quantity of this morphogenetic effect is directly de­ siens, is polyphagous and thus also feeds on a pendent upon the dosis, but independent of the number of plants which contain noxious secondary temporal spreading of the feeding program.
    [Show full text]
  • Pests of Stored Products
    PESTS OF STORED PRODUCTS 1 Course Title: PESTS OF STORED PRODUCTS 2 Course Code: BTK3606PDS 3 Type of Course: Optional 4 Level of Course: First Cycle 5 Year of Study: 3 6 Semester: 6 7 ECTS Credits Allocated: 3.00 8 Theoretical (hour/week): 1.00 9 Practice (hour/week): 2.00 10 Laboratory (hour/week): 0 11 Prerequisites: It is recommended to be preferred by the students who succeed at the lessons; Entomology, Insect Morphology, Insect Systematics, Control Methods of Plant Pests. 12 Language: Turkish 13 Mode of Delivery: Face to face 14 Course Coordinator: 3URI'Uø60$ø/$/3(568685/8. 15 Course Lecturers: - 16 Contact information of the Course [email protected] Coordinator: (0 224) 294 15 79 8OXGD÷hQLYHUVLWHVL=LUDDW)DNOWHVL%LWNL.RUXPD%|OP 17 Website: 18 Objective of the Course: To describe insect species which are harmful on stored products and to learn control methods with these pests. 19 Contribution of the Course to Professional Development: 20 Learning Outcomes: 1 To learn names of stored products pests. 2 To describe species of stored products pests. 3 To learn life cycle and behavior of stored products pests. 4 To learn damage type of pests on products and which pest species is detrimental on which stored products. 5 To learn control methods against different stored products pests. 6 To learn using of what kind of pesticides and pesticides application methods against stored products pests. 7 To solve of problems about stored products pests which exists storage, factory, silo, bakery, food production places and house. 8 - 9 - 10 - 21 Course Content: Course Content: Week Theoretical Practice 1 General information about pests of stored General information about pests of stored products is products is explained.
    [Show full text]