2011 PAKISTAN RAIN/FLOOD 2011 Report on Flash floods, breaches in canals and damage to infrastructure & agriculture sectors in Sind Province (The period under report is from Aug 08 to Sep 20) September 24, 2011 PAKISTAN FLOOD 2011 Report 3.0 Table of Contents 1.0 Summary 1 2.0 Rainfall and Flash Floods 3 3.0 Crop situation 7 4.0 Damages to infrastructure 12 4.1 Badin 14 4.2 Mirpur Khas 20 4.3 Umerkot 23 4.4 Tando Muhammad Khan 25 4.5 Thatta 28 4.6 Tando Allah Yar 29 4.7 Sanghar 30 4.8 Shaheed Benazir Abad 31 5.0 Results 32 6.0 Field Validation 33 SPRCNT/FAO/ OSRO/PAK/013/CAN PAKISTAN FLOOD 2011 Report3.0 1.0 SUMMARY This third report has been prepared in context of Letter of Agreement (LoA) signed between SUPARCO and FAO on 31 July 2011. It covers the period from August 08 to September 20, 2011. The previous two reports were for the period 08-23 August and 08-Aug to Sep 03, 2011. Based on rapid mapping & analysis and a quick ground surveys, damages to infrastructure, settlement, canal beaches and agriculture were identified in the initial reports. The current monsoon is manifested by remarkably high rainfall in South Asia. In Pakistan, there were wide spread rains in the country. However the major thrust of rainfall was in Sindh province where cumulative rainfall varied from 400 mm to a little more than 1000 mm. The maximum rainfall during the period was from 1-July 2011 to 20-September 2011. The rainfall of the order of 1044 mm was observed in Mithi, Sindh. Being located in the heart of Thar Desert, the rate of soil infiltration was very high. The rate of runoff water was therefore minimal. The other areas that received excessive rainfal Mirpur Khas 700 mm, Badin 623 mm, Shaheed Benazir Abad 613, Chhor (Umerkot) 468 mm, Dadu 419 mm and Padidan 405 mm. The gradient of the coastal areas is almost horizontal and movement of water in the flooded area is taking place at a very slow pace. The result is that large rural areas, crops, and infrastructure are under water. For the first time after partition, the residents of some of the areas of Thar Desert and its upper reaches had to be evacuated by boats. A large number of farmers lost their livestock on way to safe places, on account of non availability of fodders and exertion. There is hardly a place in the severely affected area that is free of the hazard of standing water. The maximum cumulative rain fall received at various other locations in the country including the capital Islamabad 914 mm, Lahore in Punjab 506 mm, Malam Jabba in KPK 572 mm, Rawalakot in AJK 617 mm rainfall and Barkhan in Balochistan at 232 mm. These areas generally remained free of any major damage of crops although some losses occurred to households and other infrastructures in these areas especially in KPK and Balochistan. SUPARCO monitored the flooded areas using MODIS sensors 250 m resolution on daily basis and high resolution satellite images from SPOT 4 and 5. In addition three teams visited the flood affected districts for one SPRCNT/FAO/ OSRO/PAK/013/CAN Page 1 of 45 PAKISTAN FLOOD 2011 Report 3.0 week, physically assessing crop damages. Another field visit would be essential during mid October to assess the rate of recession of water and status of sowing of the Rabi crops. The cotton crop in the affected areas has been mostly damaged. Some of the crop that is still surviving may not withstand this for extended period of time. The first picking of cotton was carried prior to rains. The total loss to cotton in affected districts is estimated at 75 percent at about 2.0 million bales. The textile sector came under high speculations on the issue of cotton crop damages. The opinions generally remained divided, creating chaos in the sector. Sugarcane crop is so far secure to an extent from the ravages of flooding. It is advisable that Sindh Government assures commencement of sugar mill crushing season at an early date to avoid prolonged submergence of the cane. The chilies crop is also very demanding on drainage needs. The chilies growing areas received the first heavy spell of rain on 11th August. The major part of the crop suffered from defoliation and senescence. Some of the crop was picked prior to rains and some also survived despite damages. The area damage is about 90 percent. As some of the crop picking was carried prior to rains, the production damage is about 50 percent. This damage has been worked at 77 thousand tons from a crop of 155 thousand tons. The sugarcane crop has generally escaped damage. The rice crop was partially affected. Excessive damages are expected in Badin district /coastal areas where LBOD funneled large quantum of water from upstream areas prior to its ultimate delivery to sea. The rice crop generally escaped damage. However the submerged crop was damaged. About one third of the rice crop in these districts was damaged. The extent of damage is around 0.2 million tons. The onion and tomato crops in the affected areas have been completely damaged. The chances of re-sowing a full scale crop are remote as water is still standing in the fields. However, 10-15 percent of the crop is expected to be re-sown. The water drainage may speed up during low tidal activity. The damage estimate of onion is 333 thousand tons from a crop of 660 thousand tons and tomato 70 thousand tons from a crop of 561 thousand tons. Pakistan is likely to face acute shortage of onion, chilies, tomato and other vegetables in winter months. The farmers cultivating off season vegetables can benefit from this. Govt. of Pakistan would have to take SPRCNT/FAO/ OSRO/PAK/013/CAN Page 2 of 45 PAKISTAN FLOOD 2011 Report 3.0 remedial measure to ensure steady supply of these minor crops of daily use. There was a massive displacement of human being and livestock. A large number of valuable livestock of the displaced farmers, migrating to safe heavens died on way because of hunger and exertions. 2.0 Rainfall and Flash Floods The monsoon rains in Pakistan during 2011 started with a normal tempo in July. In Punjab, the highest rainfall of the order of 438 mm was received in Lahore. About 14 stations in Punjab received rainfall higher than 200 mm, 08 stations more than 300 mm and 3 stations more than 400 mm rainfall. The details are as follows. Punjab In Punjab, low level floods were observed in the rivers of Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej. India opened up water supplies during peak floods in the three eastern rivers of Ravi, Bayas and Sutlej. A high tide of 70000 cusecs passed through Sutlej on 16-17 August and about 82000 cusecs on 24 -August 2011. The losses of crops in Punjab were manageable. SPRCNT/FAO/ OSRO/PAK/013/CAN Page 3 of 45 PAKISTAN FLOOD 2011 Report 3.0 Punjab: Rainfall from 1-July to 20-September, 2011 Rainfall No. of Met Met Stations range Stations Chakwal, Noor Pur Thal, Bahawalnagar, Mandi- More Bha-u-din, Joharabad, Kamra, than 20 Mianwali, Jhelum, Sialkot, Islamabad, Lahore, 200mm Okara, Murree, Mangla, Sargodha, Sahiwal, Guranwala, Faisalabad, Khanpur, Shorkot More 17 Noor Pur Thal, Bahawalnagar, Mandi-Bha-u-din, than Joharabad, Kamra, Mianwali, 300mm Jhelum, Sialkot, Islamabad, Lahore, Okara, Murree, Mangla, Sargodha, Sahiwal, Guranwala, Faisalabad, More 11 Kamra, Mianwali, Jhelum, Sialkot, Islamabad, than Lahore, Okara, Murree, Mangla, 400mm Sargodha, Sahiwal, Sindh SPRCNT/FAO/ OSRO/PAK/013/CAN Page 4 of 45 PAKISTAN FLOOD 2011 Report 3.0 Sindh: Rainfall from 1-July to 20-September, 2011 Rainfall No. of Met Met Stations range Stations More than 11 Thatta, Hyderabad, Chhor, Padidan, Badin, 200mm Mithi, Nawab Shah, Mirpur Khas, Dadu, Karachi, Kitchi Masroor More than 08 Hyderabad, Padidan, Badin, Mithi, Nawab 300mm Shah, Mirpur Khas, Chhor, Dadu More than 08 Hyderabad, Padidan, Badin, Mithi, Nawab 400mm Shah, Mirpur Khas, Chhor, Dadu Khyber PakhtunKwa (KPK) SPRCNT/FAO/ OSRO/PAK/013/CAN Page 5 of 45 PAKISTAN FLOOD 2011 Report 3.0 KPK: Rainfall from 1-July to 20-September, 2011 Rainfall range No. of Met Met Stations Stations More than 09 Saidu Sharif, Balakot, Parachinar, Risalpur, 200mm Malam Jaba, Kakul, Kohat, Dir, Peshawar More than 07 Balakot, Parachinar, Risalpur, Malam Jaba, 300mm Kakul, Kohat, Dir, More than 06 Balakot, Parachinar, Risalpur, Malam Jaba, 400mm Kakul, Kohat, Balochistan Balochistan: Rainfall from 1-July to 20-September, 2011 Rainfall range No of Met Stations Met Stations More than 200mm 02 Kalat, Barkhan More than 300mm NIL NIL More than 400mm NIL NIL SPRCNT/FAO/ OSRO/PAK/013/CAN Page 6 of 45 PAKISTAN FLOOD 2011 Report 3.0 Gilgit Baltistan/AJK GB/AJK: Rainfall from 1-July to 20-September, 2011 No of Met Rainfall range Met Stations Stations More than 04 Gari Dopatta, Kotli, Rawalakot, 200mm Muzafarabad More than 04 Gari Dopatta, Kotli, Rawalakot, 300mm Muzafarabad More than 01 Gari Dopatta, Kotli, Rawalakot, 400mm Muzafarabad 3.0 Crop Situation Sugarcane, cotton, rice, maize, fodders, vegetables, fruits and spices are generally the major crops of Kharif season. The description of the important Kharif crops is as follows: Cotton The cotton crop is predominantly sown in Punjab and Sindh provinces. The crop generally escaped damage in Punjab and the prospects of an excellent crop in this province are bright. In Sindh, large volumes of water would be standing up to end of September.