Forest Governance and Timber Trade Flows Within, to and from Eastern and Southern African Countries Burundi Study February 2014 Table of Contents ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................................ 4 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................... 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................... 9 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 11 2. FOREST SECTOR .................................................................................................................................. 11 3. CITES .................................................................................................................................................. 17 4. THE FOREST ADMINISTRATION ........................................................................................................... 17 5. THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR TIMBER PRODUCTION AND HARVESTING, PROCESSING, TRANSPORT AND MARKETING ..................................................................................................................... 18 5.1 THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE SECTOR (FOREST POLICY AND LAW) .................................................................... 18 National forest policy ................................................................................................................................ 18 Forest legislation ....................................................................................................................................... 19 5.2 OTHER INSTITUTIONAL STAKEHOLDERS ........................................................................................................... 26 5.3 OTHER ACTORS ......................................................................................................................................... 28 5.4 THE LEGALITY VERIFICATION SYSTEMS ............................................................................................................ 31 5.5 TIMBER TRACING ...................................................................................................................................... 33 5.6 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND TRADE AGREEMENTS ................................................................................... 34 5.7 REQUIREMENTS FOR EXPORT OF FOREST PRODUCTS (INCLUDING CUSTOMS PROCEDURES) ......................................... 34 5.8 LAW ENFORCEMENT .................................................................................................................................. 36 5.9 INFORMATION AND MONITORING SYSTEMS .................................................................................................... 37 5.10 CERTIFICATION ..................................................................................................................................... 37 5.11 TRANSPARENCY IN THE SECTOR ................................................................................................................ 38 5.12 FLEGT ACTIVITIES TO DATE ..................................................................................................................... 38 5.13 REDD+ .............................................................................................................................................. 38 6. THE FUELWOOD MARKET ................................................................................................................... 39 7. FOREST UTILIZATION .......................................................................................................................... 39 8. THE FOREST INDUSTRY SECTOR AND DOMESTIC TIMBER MARKET ...................................................... 42 9. THE TIMBER TRADE ............................................................................................................................ 42 9.1 MAIN FACTS ............................................................................................................................................. 42 9.2 EXPORTS ................................................................................................................................................. 45 9.3 IMPORTS ................................................................................................................................................. 46 10. TRENDS AND KEY ISSUES .................................................................................................................... 47 11. ANECDOTAL INFORMATION ON VOLUMES OF UNDOCUMENTED AND ILLEGAL HARVESTING AND TRADE, MAJOR TYPES OF ILLEGAL LOGGING CASES ...................................................................................... 47 11.1 ANECDOTAL INFORMATION ON VOLUMES OF UNDOCUMENTED AND ILLEGAL HARVESTING AND TRADE ...................... 47 11.2 MAIN TYPES OF ILLEGAL LOGGING CASES .................................................................................................... 48 12. STAKEHOLDER PERCEPTIONS OF ILLEGAL LOGGING, CHALLENGES AND THE WAY FORWARD ............... 49 12.1 STAKEHOLDER PERCEPTIONS OF ILLEGAL LOGGING ........................................................................................ 49 12.2 CHALLENGES AND THE WAY FORWARD ....................................................................................................... 49 13. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................... 50 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................ 51 ANNEXES ..................................................................................................................................................... 54 ANNEX 1 ‐ ORGANIZATION OF THE FIELD MISSION ...................................................................................................... 54 ANNEX 2 ‐ LIST OF PEOPLE MET – MISSION SCHEDULE ................................................................................................. 55 ANNEX 3 ‐ MAPS OF BURUNDI .............................................................................................................................. 59 ANNEX 4 ‐ STAFF DEPLOYMENT OF INECN ............................................................................................................... 62 Timber Trade Flows within, to and from Eastern and Southern African Countries, Burundi Study 2| Page ANNEX 5 ‐ CHARTS AND TABLES ON WOOD FLOWS ..................................................................................................... 63 ANNEX 6 ‐ SYNTHESIS ON CURRENT THREATS AGAINST THE FOREST PROTECTED AREAS OF BURUNDI....................................... 68 ANNEX 7 ‐ ORGANIZATIONAL CHARTS ...................................................................................................................... 70 ANNEX 8 ‐ FUNDING FROM THE BURUNDIAN GOVERNMENT TO THE FORESTRY SECTOR ...................................................... 72 ANNEX 9 ‐ COMPARISON OF THE OFFICIAL PRODUCTION OF WOOD WITH THE CONSUMPTION IN THE COUNTRY ........................ 73 List of Tables Table 1 Approximate areas of forest resources (natural forests and plantations) by forest type and protection / management status. ................................................................................................................................. 12 Table 2 Standard wood products produced and traded in Burundi ..................................................................... 39 Table 3 Tentative estimate of the national annual consumption of the main wood products: ........................... 40 Table 4 Summary of the staff deployment of INECN (2012) ................................................................................ 62 Table 5 Burundi’s trade in wood‐based products (by sector and major product group) ..................................... 66 Table 6 Burundi’s exports of particular wood‐based products (by destination country) ..................................... 67 Table 7 Burundi’s imports of particular wood‐based products (by supplying country) ....................................... 67 Table 8 Synthesis on current threats against the forest protected areas of Burundi ........................................... 68 Table 9 Funding from the Burundian Government to the forestry sector ........................................................... 72 Table 10 Comparison of the official production of wood with the consumption in the country ......................... 73 List of Figures FIGURE 1 BURUNDI'S TRADE IN WOOD‐BASED PRODUCTS (2000‐2011, BY PRODUCT) ........................................................... 43 FIGURE 2 MAP OF THE MAIN FLOWS OF WOOD PRODUCTS CONCERNING BURUNDI (2011) ...................................................... 44 FIGURE 3 MAP OF TOWNS, PROVINCES, ROADS AND BORDER POSTS. .................................................................................. 59 FIGURE 4 MAP OF THE PROTECTED AREAS ..................................................................................................................... 61 FIGURE 5 BURUNDI’S IMPORTS OF VPA CORE PRODUCTS ................................................................................................