© 2008 AGI-Information Management Consultants May be used for personal purporses only or by THE CAMBRIDGE libraries associated to dandelon.com network. HISTORY OF ISLAM Volume 2 THE FURTHER ISLAMIC LANDS, ISLAMIC SOCIETY AND CIVILIZATION edited by P. M. HOLT Professor of Arab History in the University of London ANN K. S. LAApTON Professor of Persian in the University of London BERNARD LEWIS Professor of the History of the Near and Middle East in the University of London CAMBRIDGE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 1970 CONTENTS List of Plates page xi List of Maps xv Preface xvii Introduction xix PART V. THE INDIAN SUB-CONTINENT I 1 MUSLIM INDIA BEFORE THE MUGHALS 3 by i. H. QURESHI, University of Karachi 2 INDIA UNDER THE MUGHALS 35 byi. H. QURESHI APPENDIX. THE SULTANATES OF THE DECCAN, SIXTEENTH 63 TO EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES by J. BURTON-PAGE, University of London 3 THE BREAKDOWN OF TRADITIONAL SOCIETY 67 by s. A. A. RIZVI, The Australian National University, Canberra 4 INDIA AND PAKISTAN 97 by AZIZ AHMAD, University of Toronto \ PART VI. SOUTH-EAST ASIA 121 1 SOUTH-EAST ASIAN ISLAM TO THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY I23 by H. j. DE GRAAP, de Steeg 2 SOUTH-EAST ASIAN ISLAM IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY I55 by WILLIAM R. ROFF, Columbia University, New York 3 SOUTH-EAST ASIAN ISLAM IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 182 by HARRY j. BENDA, Yale University •" , PART VII. AFRICA AND THE MUSLIM WEST 209 1 NORTH AFRICA TO THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY 211 by ROGER LE TOURNEAU, University of Aix-en-Proveme 2 NORTH AFRICA IN THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVEN- TEENTH CENTURIES 238 by R. MANTRAN, University of Aix-en-Provenee CONTENTS 3 NORTHAFRICAINTHEPRE-COLONIALPERIOD 266 iyANDRERAYMOND, Institut Francois d'Etudes Arabes de Damas 4 NORTH AFRICA IN THE PERIOD OF COLONIZA- TION 299 iyANDRENOUSCHi, University of Nice 5 THE NILOTIC SUDAN 327 by p. M. HOLT 6 THE WESTERN AND CENTRAL SUDAN 345 by HUMPHREY FISHER, School of"Oriental and African Studies, Univer- sity of London -7 THE IBERIAN PENINSULA AND SICILY 406 iyAMBROXio HUICI MIRANDA, Valencia PART VIII. ISLAMIC SOCIETY AND CIVILIZATION 441 I THE GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING 443 by x. DE PLANHOL, University of Nancy Z THE SOURCES OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION 469 by G. E.VONGRUNEB AUM, Near Eastern Center, University of'California 3 ECONOMY, SOCIETY, INSTITUTIONS 511 by CLAUDE CAHEN, University of Paris 4 LAW AND JUSTICE 539 by the late J. SCHACHT, Columbia University, New York 5 RELIGION AND CULTURE 569 by LOUIS GARDE T, College Pbilosophique et Tbiologique, Toulouse 6 MYSTICISM 604 by the late A. J. ARBERRY, University of Cambridge 7 REVIVAL AND REFORM IN ISLAM 632 by FAZLUR RAHMAN, Central Institute of Islamic Research, Karacbi 8 LITERATURE: 657 (A) ARABIC LITERATURE 657 by IRFAN SHAHID (b) PERSIAN LITERATURE 67I by B. YAR-SHATER, Columbia University, New York (c) TURKISH LITERATURE 682 iyFAHiRiz, University of Istanbul (d) URDU LITERATURE 695 by AZIZ AHMAD vi CONTENTS 9 ART AND ARCHITECTURE 702 by G. FEHERVARI, School ofOriental and African Studies, University of London 10 SCIENCE 741 by G. ANAW ATI, Institut Dominicain if EtudesOrientates, Cairo 11 PHILOSOPHY 780 by s. PINES, Hebrew University of Jerusalem 12 WARFARE 824 by v. J. PARRY, University of London 13 THE TRANSMISSION OF LEARNING AND LITER- ARY INFLUENCES TO WESTERN EUROPE 851 by p. GABRIEL i, University of Rome Dynastic List 890 Bibliography 891 Glossary 907 Index 911 Vll.