UNIT 6 | Ottomans and Ming Pre-1600 | SQ 9: What were the historical circumstances fo ​ ​ ​ r the founding of the Ming Dynasty? NAME______________________________________________________ PERIOD_______ DATE__________________ DL 10-12 Day 1: What were the historical circumstances for the founding of the Ming Objective: Dynasty? ● Describe the historical circumstances that led to the founding of the Ming Dynasty. ​ WRITE NOW: Read the following/analyze the diagram and use it to answer questions 1-3 The dynastic cycle is a political theory in Chinese history. ​ ​ Dynasties are ruling families who usually identify their time in ​ power with their family name. For example, the Qin Dynasty (ruled 221-207 BCE) and Han Dynasty (206 BC–220 AD). ​ ​ The dynastic cycle theory states that dynasties gain and lose power over time. All dynasties that rise, will eventually fall. When dynasties gain power, their success is seen as evidence that they have the Mandate of Heaven. A mandate is the ​ ​ authority to do something. The Mandate of Heaven was the authority to rule China, given by the gods, or heaven. Dynasties claimed that they had the mandate of heaven to support their claim to rule. They did this usually by winning wars against other groups competing for power, then by bringing peace and taking actions to improve China. At the end of dynasty, a ruling family lost the Mandate of Heaven when poor rulers and mistreatment of the people led to revolts and invasions. In response, other groups who wanted power led rebellions and the most successful group took over the country, claimed the Mandate of Heaven, and the dynastic cycle began again. UNIT 6 | Ottomans and Ming Pre-1600 | SQ 9: What were the historical circumstances fo ​ ​ ​ r the founding of the Ming Dynasty? 1. What was the Mandate of Heaven? 2. Describe the Dynastic Cycle. 3. What evidence of the dynastic cycle have you learned about in global history? Evidence could come from regions other than China. What were the historical circumstances for the founding of the Ming Dynasty? ➡ Directions: Watch this excerpt from the PBS, The Story of China: Hongwu and read the text and diagram and chart below, then ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ respond to the questions. Contextualize By the middle of the 14th century, the Yuan dynasty, run by the Mongols was in decline. Like all Chinese dynasties, it was coming to an end and the evidence that the rulers had lost the Mandate of Heaven was everywhere. The government was corrupt, spent too much money on wars, and they could not collect ​ ​ enough taxes from the population to provide them with the services to keep them content. In addition, many Chinese leaders grew tired of being ruled by the foreign Mongols. They wanted a return to China run by Chinese. In 1368, a rebel leader named Zhu Yuanzhang (1328-1398) who led a group of bandits against the Yuan military and other rivals who wanted power, captured the capital city and declared the start of the Ming dynasty (1369-1644). The early Ming emperors pushed the Mongols and other nomadic tribes north and secured their borders. They reinforced and expanded the Great Wall of ​ China (video) continuously throughout their dynasty’s reign. Much of the Great Wall as we know it today was built during the Ming dynasty. ​ ​ UNIT 6 | Ottomans and Ming Pre-1600 | SQ 9: What were the historical circumstances fo ​ ​ ​ r the founding of the Ming Dynasty? Map image: H. Braun, L. Forman, H. Brodsky, Reviewing Global History and Geography, AMSCO (adapted) from the NYS Global History and Geography Regents; Kublai Khan image is courtesy of Wikimedia Commons and is public domain; Battle image is courtesy of Wikimedia Commons and ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ is public domain; Chart content: History of China. (2017, June 22). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 14:32, July 18, 2017, from here. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1. Who ruled China before the start of the Ming Dynasty? 4. Why did Zhu Yuanzhang rebel in 1368? 2. Why was the Yuan dynasty in decline? 5. What was the major impact of this rebellion? UNIT 6 | Ottomans and Ming Pre-1600 | SQ 9: What were the historical circumstances fo ​ ​ ​ r the founding of the Ming Dynasty? 3. Describe Zhu Yuanzhang’s life before he became the first Emperor of 6. What actions did the Hongwu Emperor (ruled 1368–98) take to gain, the Ming Dynasty and renamed himself Hongwu [video]. consolidate, and maintain power [video]? SQ 9: What were the historical circumstances for the founding of the Ming Dynasty? ​ ➡ Directions: Using evidence from above, complete the Combined Context Expansion Sentence activity below to provide context for FA ​ the founding of the Ming Dynasty. An example using the Fall of Rome is provided. Event: Founding of the Ming Dynasty Who? Contextualize When? Where? Why? UNIT 6 | Ottomans and Ming Pre-1600 | SQ 9: What were the historical circumstances fo ​ ​ ​ r the founding of the Ming Dynasty? How? Historical Context- refers to the historical circumstances that led to this event/idea/historical ​ development 1. Explain the historical circumstances that led to the Founding of the Ming Dynasty_. [1] UNIT 6 | Ottomans and Ming Pre-1600 | SQ 9: What were the historical circumstances fo ​ ​ ​ r the founding of the Ming Dynasty? Day 2: How did the Ming Dynasty gain, consolidate, and maintain power? Objective: ● Describe how the Ming Dynasty gained, consolidated, and maintained power ​ ➡ Directions: Make a prediction below. ​ ​ Make a Prediction: How do you ​ think the MIng dynasty was able to gain, maintain, and consolidate control of large territories across Predict Asia? UNIT 6 | Ottomans and Ming Pre-1600 | SQ 9: What were the historical circumstances fo ​ ​ ​ r the founding of the Ming Dynasty? Adapted by New Visions from TimeMap of World History (www.timemaps.com) page:https://www.timemaps.com/history/east-asia-1453ad/ ​ ​ ​ How did the Ming Dynasty gain, consolidate, and maintain power? Annotate ➡ Directions: Use the annotation key below while reading the documents that follow to gather evidence to answer the question: How did the Ming ​ Dyn​ asty gain, consolidate, and maintain power? Annotation Key G C M Place a “G” next to evidence Place a “C” next to evidence Place an “M” next to Circle words that are unclear Write questions in the ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ of how Islamic Caliphates of how Islamic Caliphates evidence of how Islamic and identify possible margins to clarify GAINED power CONSOLIDATED power Caliphates MAINTAINED meanings. misunderstandings. ​ ​ ​ power UNIT 6 | Ottomans and Ming Pre-1600 | SQ 9: What were the historical circumstances fo ​ ​ ​ r the founding of the Ming Dynasty? Document 1: Great Wall Watch this from the Ted-Ed video entitled, "What makes the Great Wall of China so extraordinary"then read the text and examine the images below. ​ ​ The extent of the Ming dynasty and its walls, which formed most of what is After defeating the Mongol rulers of the Yuan Dynasty and called the Great Wall of China today. driving Mongol forces out of China, the Ming Emperor Hongwu started building new sections of the Great Wall and reinforcing sections that existed from past dynasties in 1368. Following the borders of the Ming Empire, the Ming additions to the wall included new towards, firearms, artillery, and lines of troops that patrolled the border. Much of the Great Wall as we see it today was added during the Ming Dynasty. This passage was adapted by New Visions from the Ming Dynasty in New World Encyclopedia which is published ​ ​ under the CC-BY-SA 3.0 license. Image was created by Like Tears in Rain and is published on Wikimedia Commons under a CC BY license. ​ The Great Wall at Mutianyu. This and many other famous sections of the Great Wall were built during the Ming dynasty. UNIT 6 | Ottomans and Ming Pre-1600 | SQ 9: What were the historical circumstances fo ​ ​ ​ r the founding of the Ming Dynasty? This image was created by JB and is published on Flicker under a CC BY license. ​ ​ Document 2: The Jinyiwei UNIT 6 | Ottomans and Ming Pre-1600 | SQ 9: What were the historical circumstances fo ​ ​ ​ r the founding of the Ming Dynasty? The Jinyiwei was the imperial military secret police that served the emperors of the Ming dynasty in China. The Jinyiwei was founded by the Hongwu Emperor in 1368 to serve as his personal bodyguards. It grew into a military organization the following year. They were authorized to arrest, interrogate, and punish. The Jinyiwei also collected military intelligence on the enemy and participated in battle planning stages. This passage was adapted by New Visions from the Ming Dynasty in New World Encyclopedia which is published ​ ​ under the CC-BY-SA 3.0 license. A Jinyiwei guard's tablet Image was created by snowyowls and is published on Wikimedia Commons under a CC BY license. ​ UNIT 6 | Ottomans and Ming Pre-1600 | SQ 9: What were the historical circumstances fo ​ ​ ​ r the founding of the Ming Dynasty? Document 3: The Ming Code The legal code drawn up in the time of Hong Wu emperor was considered one of the great achievements of the era. Emperor Hong Wu took great care over the whole project and in his instruction to the ministers told them that the code of laws should be easy to understand, so officials and inhabitants would not misinterpret the laws. The code of the Ming Dynasty treated slaves better than the Tang Dynasty. Under the Tang code, slaves were treated almost like domestic animals. If they were killed by a free citizen, the law did not punish the killer. Under the Ming Dynasty, however, this was not so. The law protected slaves and free citizens. The Ming code also emphasized family relations through Confucian values.