University of Warwick institutional repository: http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap/51655 This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. ‘Foreign’ Books for English Readers Published Translations of Navigation Manuals and their Audience in the English Renaissance, 1500-1640 by Susanna L. B. De Schepper A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Renaissance Studies University of Warwick, Centre for the Study of the Renaissance June 2012 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLES .......................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................ vii DECLARATION ................................................................................................................ x SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................. xii INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1: ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS AND PRINT CONTEXT ................................ 12 1. ‘English Maritime Books’ .................................................................................... 12 2. Original Contributions ......................................................................................... 16 2.1. Navigation – Manuals and Instruction ............................................................ 16 2.2. Sailing Directions and Sea Atlases / Voyages ................................................. 20 2.3. Instruments / Charts ......................................................................................... 26 2.4. Navigation-related science .............................................................................. 30 2.4.1. Navigation – Mathematics and Astronomy / Latitude / Longitude / Tables ....................................................................................................... 31 2.4.2. Magnetism ............................................................................................ 35 2.5. Almanacs.......................................................................................................... 36 2.6. Varia ................................................................................................................ 38 3. Translations ........................................................................................................... 42 iii CHAPTER 2: TRANSLATIONS ........................................................................................ 45 1. French .................................................................................................................... 50 1.1. Navigation manual .......................................................................................... 50 1.2. Florida ............................................................................................................. 52 1.3. France antarctique ........................................................................................... 59 1.4. New France ...................................................................................................... 61 1.5. Asia .................................................................................................................. 67 2. Spanish ................................................................................................................... 70 2.1. Navigation manuals ......................................................................................... 71 2.2. China ............................................................................................................... 74 2.3. Spanish America .............................................................................................. 77 3. Dutch ...................................................................................................................... 89 4. Italian ................................................................................................................... 106 5. Portuguese ........................................................................................................... 113 6. Latin ..................................................................................................................... 119 7. Patterns ................................................................................................................ 129 CHAPTER 3: PARATEXTS ............................................................................................ 133 1. Title-pages ........................................................................................................... 137 2. Paratexts originally accompanying source texts .............................................. 140 3. Translation-specific paratexts ........................................................................... 147 3.1. Reasons for translating .................................................................................. 150 3.2. Statements of intent ....................................................................................... 153 3.3. Method of translation .................................................................................... 157 iv 3.4. Two vocabulary clusters ................................................................................ 165 3.5. Personification of the translation process ...................................................... 169 3.6. Modesty topoi ................................................................................................ 172 CHAPTER 4: MARTIN CORTÉS’S BREUE COMPENDIO IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION ... 176 1. Context and Author ............................................................................................ 177 2. The Book: Breue compendio de la sphera, or The Arte of Nauigation ............ 179 3. The Editions ........................................................................................................ 182 3.1. The Spanish Editions ..................................................................................... 182 3.2. The English Editions ..................................................................................... 184 3.3. Publication Pattern ........................................................................................ 186 4. The Journey: From Spanish Original to English Translations ...................... 190 4.1. The First English Translation (1561) ............................................................ 190 4.2. New Editions (1572-1589) ............................................................................ 196 4.3. John Tapp as Editor (1596-1630) .................................................................. 198 5. The Paratexts: An Analysis ............................................................................... 204 5.1. Dedication to Charles V by Martin Cortés (1551-1556) ............................... 204 5.2. Prologue Addressed to Alvaro de Bazan by Martin Cortés (1551-1556) ..... 209 5.3. Dedication to Garrard and Lodge by Richard Eden (1561-1589) ................. 213 5.4. Dedication to the Seamen and Mariners by John Tapp (1596-1609) ............ 216 5.5. Dedication to William Waad by John Tapp (1615) ...................................... 217 5.6. Dedication to the Mariners and Seamen by John Tapp (1630) ..................... 218 5.7. Results ........................................................................................................... 219 6. Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 220 v CHAPTER 5 : SOCIAL NETWORKS .............................................................................. 223 1. Translators & Dedicatees ................................................................................... 224 2. Printers & Booksellers ...................................................................................... 232 2.1. The printer with the most connections: Thomas Dawson ............................. 239 2.2. Exploring the network: linking other printers ............................................... 243 2.3. Specialised booksellers: the shop ‘at St. Magnus Corner’ ............................ 256 2.4. Moving towards the periphery: the remaining printers and booksellers........ 261 2.5. Pinpointing printers and book shops: locations in and around the City of London ........................................................................................................... 265 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................... 276 LIST OF PUBLISHED TRANSLATIONS OF NAVIGATION MANUALS AND RELATED WORKS PRINTED BEFORE 1641 ................................................................................. 285 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................... 306 vi LIST