SynTView — an interactive multi-view genome browser for next-generation comparative microorganism genomics. Pierre Lechat, Erika Souche, Ivan Moszer To cite this version: Pierre Lechat, Erika Souche, Ivan Moszer. SynTView — an interactive multi-view genome browser for next-generation comparative microorganism genomics.. BMC Bioinformatics, BioMed Central, 2013, 14 (1), pp.277. 10.1186/1471-2105-14-277. pasteur-00870285 HAL Id: pasteur-00870285 https://hal-pasteur.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00870285 Submitted on 7 Oct 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Lechat et al. BMC Bioinformatics 2013, 14:277 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/14/277 SOFTWARE Open Access SynTView — an interactive multi-view genome browser for next-generation comparative microorganism genomics Pierre Lechat1*, Erika Souche1,2 and Ivan Moszer1 Abstract Background: Dynamic visualisation interfaces are required to explore the multiple microbial genome data now available, especially those obtained by high-throughput sequencing — a.k.a. “Next-Generation Sequencing” (NGS) — technologies; they would also be useful for “standard” annotated genomes whose chromosome organizations may be compared. Although various software systems are available, few offer an optimal combination of feature-rich capabilities, non-static user interfaces and multi-genome data handling. Results: We developed SynTView, a comparative and interactive viewer for microbial genomes, designed to run as either a web-based tool (Flash technology) or a desktop application (AIR environment). The basis of the program is a generic genome browser with sub-maps holding information about genomic objects (annotations). The software is characterised by the presentation of syntenic organisations of microbial genomes and the visualisation of polymorphism data (typically Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms — SNPs) along these genomes; these features are accessible to the user in an integrated way. A variety of specialised views are available and are all dynamically inter-connected (including linear and circular multi-genome representations, dot plots, phylogenetic profiles, SNP density maps, and more). SynTView is not linked to any particular database, allowing the user to plug his own data into the system seamlessly, and use external web services for added functionalities. SynTView has now been used in several genome sequencing projects to help biologists make sense out of huge data sets. Conclusions: The most important assets of SynTView are: (i) the interactivity due to the Flash technology; (ii) the capabilities for dynamic interaction between many specialised views; and (iii) the flexibility allowing various user data sets to be integrated. It can thus be used to investigate massive amounts of information efficiently at the chromosome level. This innovative approach to data exploration could not be achieved with most existing genome browsers, which are more static and/or do not offer multiple views of multiple genomes. Documentation, tutorials and demonstration sites are available at the URL: http://genopole.pasteur.fr/SynTView. Keywords: Genome browser, Microbial genomics, Synteny, Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP), Flash, Interactive graphical user interface Background [1]. Current high-throughput sequencing devices — a.k.a. Over the past five years, developments in the technology “Next-Generation Sequencing” (NGS) technology — can for determining DNA sequences have led to a substantial yield hundreds of gigabases of sequence data rapidly and change in genome sequencing strategies. Applications in at an ever-decreasing cost. However, the ratio between the microbial genomics range from re-sequencing collections production of these sequence data and computer storage of strains to non-coding RNA identification, transcription capacities is steadily increasing, as is the cost of data man- start site determination, and extended metagenome studies agement and analysis [2]. As a consequence, the bottle- neck affecting large-scale genomics projects is shifting * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 from data generation to data interpretation. Downstream Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme Bioanalyse Génomique, 28 rue du Docteur — Roux, Paris, Cedex 15 75724, France from the primary and secondary levels of analysis such Full list of author information is available at the end of the article as quality control, read mapping and de novo assembly — © 2013 Lechat et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Lechat et al. BMC Bioinformatics 2013, 14:277 Page 2 of 9 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/14/277 the most time-consuming and specialised tool-demanding This technology allows Adobe® Flash software to be tasks are now related to data mining and exploration. To built, providing dynamic presentations of complex data facilitate this analysis step, flexible visualisation interfaces through either web browsers or desktop clients. Some are required [3]. interactive data visualisations were implemented using Comparative genomics stands out as one of the major the Flare library [31]. applications of high-throughput sequencing. In the field SynTView was built around the following rationale: n of microbiology, this discipline involves the elucidation genomes should be compared with one reference genome of genetic traits underlying specific (non-)pathogenic (n can be as large as the computer memory will allow). phenotypes, and contributes to deciphering evolutionary Depending on the mode of access to the application (see relationships within large collections of isolates, with below), genome data can be loaded either by the user direct clinical applications [4,5]. The most frequent using import functions (desktop client) or with the help strategy for comparing genome organisations is to exam- of a software administrator (web configuration — the ine synteny relationships between genomes, which is the only requirement is this case is to place appropriately association of gene similarity with gene ordering along formatted flat files in the right directory). These data can the chromosomes. These data can be usefully comple- include complete annotated genomes and associated mented by information about polymorphism at the nu- comparison files for synteny visualisation, or polymorph- cleotide level; obtained at the genome scale by NGS ism data from NGS data sets. Currently, the accepted file analyses, biodiversity data help to reveal global trends in formats are ptt (GenBank) for genome annotation, tab- evolutionary relationships, and structural variation delimited files for other information (protein corres- events such as recombination or insertion/deletion of pondence, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms — SNPs) genomic islands. and the Newick format for phylogenetic trees. A large number of software systems have been devel- The user can access the application in three different oped in the last decade to facilitate comparative genomic ways. First, a stand-alone client can be run using the studies; they give access to diverse features, in terms of Adobe desktop application cross-platform runtime AIR type and quantity of data, analysis methods and styles of (Adobe Integrated Runtime), which will be installed user interfaces [6-29] (and see the Discussion below). automatically along with SynTView, if required. This al- Many are web-based applications, which tends to hinder lows the users to work with their own locally stored interactivity as standard HTML does not enable a dy- data. Alternatively, web access for multiple users can be namic user experience. Some of these tools are more implemented; in this configuration, SynTView uses flat user-friendly, either because they use advanced web pro- files stored on the web server. Finally, SynTView is avail- tocols (e.g., HTML5) or because they are based on native able in combination with the GenoList integrated environ- desktop frameworks; however, these applications are ment [32], a multi-genome microbial database accessible mostly limited to the visualisation of one single or few on the web, which houses 750 bacterial genomes [33]. genomes and/or to limited and particular types of data This option can exploit the comparative genome data pre- representation. computed in GenoList. Here, we present a novel software application — Extensive performance tests have shown that the ap- SynTView — providing the user with substantial flexi- plication reached technological limits if more than ten bility for comparative analysis of microbial genome thousand dynamic graphical objects (i.e., selectable and information. Its originality stems from the combination scalable objects) were used. Drawing strategies were thus of many features individually available in other applica- developed