Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Research, Development, Acquisitions, and Operations ____________________________________________________ Fiscal Year 2015 Congressional Justification Table of Contents Page No. I. Appropriation Overview ................................................................................................. 1 II. Summary of FY 2015 Budget Estimates by Program/Project Activity (PPA) ............. 3 III. Current Services Program Description by PPA ........................................................... 4 IV. Program Justification Changes ................................................................................. 93 V. Exhibits and Other Supporting Material ..................................................................... 99 A. Justification of Proposed Legislative Language ...................................................... 99 B. FY 2014 to FY 2015 Budget Change .................................................................... 100 C. Summary of Requirements .................................................................................... 101 D. Summary of Reimbursable Resources ................................................................... 102 E. Summary of Requirements By Object Class.......................................................... 103 F. Permanent Positions by Grade ............................................................................... 104 G. Capital Investment and Construction Initiative Listing ......................................... 105 H. PPA Budget Justifications ..................................................................................... 114 I. Changes In Full Time Employment ........................................................................ 119 J. FY 2015 Schedule of Working Capital Fund by Program/Project Activity .......... 120 K. DHS Balanced Workforce Strategy ....................................................................... 121 BUDGET REQUEST AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION Science and Technology Research, Development, Acquisitions, and Operations I. Appropriation Overview A. Mission Statement for Research, Development, Acquisitions, and Operations: The mission of DHS S&T is to strengthen America’s security and resiliency by providing knowledge products and innovative technology solutions for the Homeland Security Enterprise. Congress created the S&T Directorate under the Homeland Security Act of 2002, to among other things “[conduct] basic and applied research, development, demonstration, testing, and evaluation activities relevant to any or all elements of the Department.”1 S&T also has a statutory responsibility for establishing a system for transferring homeland security developments or technologies to Federal, State, local governments, and private sector entities. In the past decade, S&T has undergone many changes and continues to evolve. The extraordinary breadth and diversity of DHS’s missions requires S&T to address a wide range of programs including DHS Components’ near-term needs for new operational capabilities and improved operational effectiveness, efficiency, and safety. S&T also has responsibilities related to understanding and creating solutions to biological and chemical threats, and to conducting the research and development (R&D) required to meet homeland cybersecurity needs. While DHS S&T’s work is often identified with technology development, equally important are the Directorate’s contributions to homeland security in the form of analyses or “knowledge products.” These include analyses of alternative technology options; assessments of complex issues such as the relative risk of different chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear threats; operational testing and evaluation of technologies proposed for acquisition; detailed technical characterization of potential biological threat organisms to support both human and agricultural biodefense; and the creation of consensus standards that enable cost-effective progress across many fields. S&T also manages five national laboratories that provide unique homeland and national security capabilities and has direct access to the Department of Energy’s extensive national laboratory system. In addition, the Directorate’s capacity to engage R&D activities worldwide is greatly augmented by S&T’s nine university-based Centers of Excellence (COEs) and 13 bilateral international agreements. In order to meet the broad scope of our mission, S&T has built a highly trained and technically- proficient staff that is DHS’s core source of science, engineering, and analytical expertise. Using our staff and budget for maximal impact, we have focused our energies on efforts that have a direct and demonstrable link to improving the efficiency, effectiveness, and safety of DHS’s operational missions and enhancing the safety, interoperability, and communications capabilities of the first responder community. S&T’s contributions to the Department and the Homeland Security Enterprise (HSE) fall into four general categories: New capabilities and knowledge products – S&T creates new technological capabilities that address DHS operational needs or are necessary to address evolving homeland security threats. Process enhancements and efficiencies – S&T conducts systems-based analysis to provide streamlined, resource-saving process improvements to existing operations. 1 Sec. 302(4) of Public Law 107-296 (codified at 6 U.S.C. § 182(4)). 1 Acquisition support – The Department achieves more effective and efficient operations and avoids costly acquisition failures and delays by leveraging S&T’s technical expertise to improve project management, operational analysis, and acquisition management. Understanding of homeland security risks and opportunities – S&T’s relationships across DHS and the HSE contribute to strategic understanding of existing and emerging threats as well as opportunities for collaboration across departmental, interagency, and state/local boundaries. B. Budget Activities: The Directorate has four RDT&E program, project, and activities (PPA), and various thrust areas, each of which has an important role in implementing research and development activities. These four PPAs are: Acquisition and Operations Support; Laboratory Facilities; Research, Development, and Innovation; and University Programs. Acquisition and Operations Support (AOS) AOS provides expert assistance to entities across the homeland security enterprise (HSE) to ensure that the transition, acquisition, and deployment of technologies, information, and procedures improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the operational capabilities across the HSE mission. The five thrust areas of Acquisition and Operations Support are: Operations Research and Analysis; Safety Act; Standards; Technology Transition Support; and Testing and Evaluation. Laboratory Facilities The Office of National Laboratories (ONL) manages the Laboratory Facilities Programs. ONL provides the Nation with a coordinated, enduring core of productive science, technology and engineering laboratories, organizations and institutions, which can provide the knowledge and technology required to secure our homeland. ONL executes two thrust areas: Construction and Lab Operations. Research, Development, and Innovation (RD&I) RD&I provides state-of-the-art technology and/or solutions to meet the needs of the operational components of the Department and the first responder community. It includes customer-focused and output-oriented RDT&E programs that balance risk, cost, impact, and time to delivery. RD&I includes: APEX; Border Security; CBE Defense; Counter Terrorist; Cyber Security/Information Analytics; and First Responder/Disaster Resilience. University Programs University Programs supports critical homeland security-related research and education at U.S. colleges and universities to address high-priority DHS-related issues and to enhance homeland security capabilities over the long term. University Programs includes Centers of Excellence and Minority Serving Institutions. C. Budget Request Summary: The S&T Directorate requests 130 positions, 130 FTE, and $941,671,000 for RDA&O in FY 2015, a decrease of $149,541,000 from FY 2014. The FY 2015 funding reflects a decrease in the CBE Defense, Counter Terrorist, Cyber Security/Information Analytics, and First Responder/Disaster Resilience RDT&E thrust areas. It also includes an increase of $0.191 million for a one-percent Federal pay raise. 2 II. Summary of FY 2015 Budget Estimates by Program/Project Activity (PPA) Department of Homeland Security Science & Technology Research, Development, Acquisitions, and Operations Summary of FY 2015 Budget Estimates by Program Project Activity FY 2015 Request (Dollars in Thousands) FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 Increase(+) or Decrease(-) for FY 2015 Program Project Activity Revised Enacted Enacted Request Total Changes Program Changes Adjustments-to-Base POS FTE Amount POS FTE Amount POS FTE Amount POS FTE Amount POS FTE Amount POS FTE Amount Acquisition and Operations Support - - $45,991 - - $41,703 - - $41,703 - - - - - - - - - Research Development and Innovation - - $425,295 - - $462,000 - - $433,788 - - ($28,212) - - ($28,212) - - - University Programs - - $38,339 - - $39,724 - - $31,000 - - ($8,724) - - ($8,724) - - - Laboratory Facilities 128 128 $158,083 130 130 $547,785 130 130 $435,180 - - ($112,605) - - $320,278 - - ($432,883) Subtotal, Discretionary 128 128 $667,708 130 130 $1,091,212 130 130 $941,671 - - ($149,541) - - $283,342 - - ($432,883)