REGIONAL ARCHITECTURE AS AN EXPRESSION OF STATE IDENTITY: EARLY STATE GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS IN THE HONOLULU CIVIC CENTER Anna Broverman 6XEPLWWHGLQSDUWLDOIXOÀOOPHQWRIWKHUHTXLUHPHQWIRUWKHGHJUHH0DVWHURI6FLHQFHLQ+LVWRULF 3UHVHUYDWLRQ *UDGXDWH6FKRRORI$UFKLWHFWXUH3ODQQLQJDQG3UHVHUYDWLRQ &ROXPELD8QLYHUVLW\ 0D\ 1 Abstract Table of Contents 7KHGHFDGHVDIWHUWKHZDUEURXJKWDJUHDWPDQ\FKDQJHVWRWKHVWDWHRI+DZDLLDVFOHDUO\YLVLEOHLQ Introduction: 4 WKHDUFKLWHFWXUHRIWKH+RQROXOX&LYLF&HQWHU2IWKHGLIIHUHQWDJHQFLHVUHSUHVHQWHGWKH+DZDLLVWDWH EXLOGLQJVFRQVWUXFWHGDIWHULQWKHLQWKH&LYLF&HQWHUDUHH[DPSOHVRIVLJQLÀFDQWFKDQJHVLQD Chapter 1: Hawaii’s Historic Architecture: 9 PRUHUHJLRQDODUFKLWHFWXUHFXVWRPDU\LQHDUOLHU+DZDLLDQJRYHUQPHQWDOGHVLJQ7KHUHZDVDQHIIRUWWR (DUO\$UFKLWHFWXUH FUHDWHDQDSSURSULDWHIRUPRIJRYHUQPHQWDUFKLWHFWXUHIRUWKHLVODQGVVLQFHWKHPLGVE\DGDSW- 7KH0LVVLRQDU\3HULRG LQJVW\OHVIURPRWKHUWHPSHUDWHDUHDVOLNHVRXWKHUQ&DOLIRUQLDWR+DZDLLҋVXQLTXHFOLPDWH%XWZLWK 7KH0RQDUFK\3HULRG 7KH7HUULWRULDO3HULRG WKHLQFOXVLRQRI+DZDLLLQWRWKH8QLRQLQWKHUHZDVDFRQFHUQDPRQJDUFKLWHFWVWKDWWKHVHROGHU &RQFOXVLRQ DQGRIWHQ6SDQLVK0LVVLRQVW\OHJRYHUQPHQWEXLOGLQJVODFNHGDWUXH´+DZDLLDQµFKDUDFWHUPXGGOLQJ LWVLPDJHDVDQHZVWDWH,QWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQRIQHZVWDWHEXLOGLQJVSRVWVWDWHKRRGWKHUHZDVDFRQ- Chapter 2: The Golden Age: 19 VFLRXVHIIRUWWRFUHDWHDUHJLRQDODUFKLWHFWXUHDSSURSULDWHIRU+DZDLLҋVFOLPDWHDQGUHSUHVHQWDWLYHRILWV :RUOG:DU,DQGWKH'HDWKRI4XHHQOLOLҋXRNRODQL SHRSOH$VDUHVXOWEXLOGLQJVEOHQGHGLQGRRUDQGRXWGRRUHQYLURQPHQWVXWLOL]HGVXQVKDGHVDQGZHUH 7KH3DQDPD3DFLÀF([KLELWLRQ RULHQWHGWRWDNHDGYDQWDJHRIWUDGHZLQGVZKLOHLQFRUSRUDWLQJORFDOPDWHULDOVDQGDUW7KHVHEXLOG- 7KH'HYHORSPHQWRID5HJLRQDO9RFDEXODU\ LQJVZHUHGHOLEHUDWHLQWKHLUGHVLJQVDQGUHSUHVHQWSHRSOHҋVDVSLUDWLRQVIRU+DZDLLLQWKHHDUO\\HDUV 7KH*URZWKRID1HZ+DZDLLDQ6W\OH +DUW:RRGDQG&:'LFNH\ DIWHUVWDWHKRRG$VEXLOGLQJVLQVRPDQ\WHPSHUDWH]RQHVWKHVHEXLOGLQJVDUHEHFRPLQJWKHYLFWLP 7KH'HSUHVVLRQDQGWKHV RIFKDQJHVLQSHUFHSWLRQDQGH[SHFWDWLRQV7KH\DUHGLVPLVVHGDQGXQGHUWKUHDWRILQVHQVLWLYHDOWHU- DWLRQVDQGLQRQHFDVHGHPROLWLRQ7KLVWKHVLVLQWHQGVWRVHWWKHVWDJHIRUWKHLUUHJLRQDOVLJQLÀFDQFH Chapter 3: The War: 31 VHHNVWRH[SODLQKRZWKHLUGHVLJQVHPHUJHGDQGZK\WKH\DUHWREHSUHVHUYHGDVLPSRUWDQWWHVWLPR- 7KH,PSOLFDWLRQVRI:DU Q\WRWKHVWDWHҋVKLVWRU\ &RQFOXVLRQ &KDSWHU3RSXODWLRQ*URZWKDQGWKH4XHVWIRU6WDWHKRRG5DPLÀFDWLRQVIRU Buildings: 38 6WDWHKRRG (FRQRP\ $UFKLWHFWXUH &RQFOXVLRQ Ch. 5: Development of the Civic Center: 46 3UH6WDWHKRRG 3RVW6WDWHKRRG 7KH+RQROXOX&LYLF&HQWHU&RPSDUHGWRRWKHU&RQWHPSRUDU\&LYLF&HQWHUV &RQFOXVLRQ Ch. 6: The Civic Center Buildings: 62 7KH3ULQFH.XKLR)HGHUDO%XLOGLQJ 6WDWH%XLOGLQJV &LW\DQG&RXQW\%XLOGLQJ &RQFOXVLRQ Chapter 7: The Honolulu Civic Center Plan and Buildings Compared to Interna- tional Tropical Regionalism: 76 &RQFOXVLRQ6LJQLÀFDQFHDQG)LQDO5HFRPPHQGDWLRQV 2 3 Introduction 1RRQHNQRZVH[DFWO\ZKHQ+RQROXOXZDVIRXQGHGEXWJHQHUDODSSUR[LPDWLRQVYDU\IURPWR /DVWVXPPHU,ZRUNHGRQDVXUYH\RIPLGFHQWXU\VXEXUEDQVXEGLYLVLRQVRQ2DKXIRUWKH 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