Master-telformat&bearbeiten& Space&Transporta-on& Systems& & Space&Transporta-on&Systems& 02.&Mai&2012& Dipl.8Ing.&(FH)&Moritz&Ellerbeck&M.Sc.&(TUM)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Hochschule&Augsburg&& 1& Dipl.8Ing.&(FH)&Moritz&Ellerbeck&M.Sc.(TUM)& & Fakultät&für&Maschinenbau&und& Verfahrenstechnik& Faculty&of&Mechanical&and&Process& Engineering& & Hochschule&für&angewandte& WissenschaOen&8&Augsburg& University&of&Applied&Sciences& An&der&Hochschule&1& D886161&Augsburg& www.hs8augsburg.de& & Raum&F3.19& Tel.: &+49&8218558683628& Fax: &+49&8218558683160& Email:&&[email protected]& Space&Transporta-on&Systems& 02.&Mai&2012& Dipl.8Ing.&(FH)&Moritz&Ellerbeck&M.Sc.&(TUM)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Hochschule&Augsburg&& 2& Lecture&Overview& 1.0&UdSSR&–&Russian&Systems& • Vostok& • Voskhod& • Soyuz& • Soyuz&Deriva-ve&Systems& • Addi-onal&Systems& 2.0&Chinese&Systems& • Shenzhou& 3.0&European&Systems& • ATV& • ATV&Evolu-on& 4.0&Japanese&Systems& • HTV& • HTV8R& 5.0&US&Systems& • Mercury& • Gemini& • Apollo& • Space&Shu_le& • Constella-on&Programm& • COTS&Programm& & Space&Transporta-on&Systems& 02.&Mai&2012& Dipl.8Ing.&(FH)&Moritz&Ellerbeck&M.Sc.&(TUM)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Hochschule&Augsburg&& 3& 1.0&UdSSR&8&Russian&Systems& UdSSR&and&Russian&Systems& & First&man8rated&space&craO&in&history& Space&Transporta-on&Systems& 02.&Mai&2012& Dipl.8Ing.&(FH)&Moritz&Ellerbeck&M.Sc.&(TUM)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Hochschule&Augsburg&& 4& 1.0&UdSSR&8&Russian&Systems& 1.1&Vostok& 1. TV-camera 2. Life support system equipment 9. Voice communication radio system (Zarya) antennas 3. Descent module 10. Signal system antennas 4. Instrument panel 11. Breaking propulsion system 5. Attitude control handle 12. Telemetric system antennas 6. Commanding radio system antennas 13. Shutter of thermal control system 7. Pilot in catapulting chair 14. Sun tracker 8. ACS and spacesuits ventilation system tanks 15. Attitude control optical system (Vzor) Space&Transporta-on&Systems& 02.&Mai&2012& Dipl.8Ing.&(FH)&Moritz&Ellerbeck&M.Sc.&(TUM)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Hochschule&Augsburg&& 5& 1.0&UdSSR&8&Russian&Systems& 1.1&Vostok& • SpacecraO&of&the&first&human&spaceflight&with&Yuri&Gagarin&(April&12th&1961)& • Single&crew&cockpit&for&shor_erm&flights&(max.&10&days)& • Vostok&carrier&rocket&as&launch&vehicle&of&the&vostok&spacecraO& • Unreated&versions&for&photographic&spy&applica-ons&(Zenit)& Space&Transporta-on&Systems& 02.&Mai&2012& Dipl.8Ing.&(FH)&Moritz&Ellerbeck&M.Sc.&(TUM)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Hochschule&Augsburg&& 6& 1.0&UdSSR&8&Russian&Systems& 1.2&Voskhod& • Second&human&spaceflight&programm&of&the&UdSSR& • Rated&with&a&crew&of&two&up&to&three&cosmonauts& • First&spacewalk,&Alexey&Leonov&(March&18th&1965)&& Space&Transporta-on&Systems& 02.&Mai&2012& Dipl.8Ing.&(FH)&Moritz&Ellerbeck&M.Sc.&(TUM)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Hochschule&Augsburg&& 7& 1.0&UdSSR&8&Russian&Systems& 1.3&Soyuz& • The&Soyuz&space&transporta-on&system&consists&of&two&main&elements:&the&Soyuz&U&launcher&and& the&Soyuz&TMA&spacecraO& • Launcher:&Soyuz&U&is&derived&from&the&Soviet&R87&rocket&design;&Soyuz&U&by&now&has&over&1000& launches;&7000&kg&payload&to&LEO& • Soyuz&spacecraO&design&dates&back&to&1960s;&TMA&version&is&capable&of&transpor-ng&3&crew&to&a& space&sta-on&and&back& • Soyuz&landing&module&was&originally&design&for&lunar&missions&(capsule&outer&moldline&supports& hyperbolic&liOing&entry)& Space&Transporta-on&Systems& 02.&Mai&2012& Dipl.8Ing.&(FH)&Moritz&Ellerbeck&M.Sc.&(TUM)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Hochschule&Augsburg&& 8& 1.0&UdSSR&8&Russian&Systems& 1.4&Soyuz&Deriva-ve&Systems:&Progress& • The&Progress&spacecraO&is&an&un8crewed&re8 supply&vessel&for&space&sta-ons&derived&from&the& Soyuz&spacecraO& – The&u-lity&and&instrument&modules&are&very& similar&to&those&of&the&Soyuz& – The&u-lity&module&holds&pressurized& supplies&for&the&space&sta-on&crew& – The&landing&module&is&subs-tuted&with&a& structure&for&storing&fluid&supplies& • It&is&launched&on&the&same&launch&vehicle&as&a& Soyuz&(Soyuz&U&launcher)& • The&Progress&spacecraO&is&designed&to&burn&up& during&Earth&entry&aOer&comple-on&of&its&mission& (space&sta-on&trash&disposal)& • A&small&reentry&capsule&can&be&flown&with&the& Progress&spacecraO&in&order&to&return&small& amounts&of&payload&to&Earth& Space&Transporta-on&Systems& 02.&Mai&2012& Dipl.8Ing.&(FH)&Moritz&Ellerbeck&M.Sc.&(TUM)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Hochschule&Augsburg&& 9& 1.0&UdSSR&8&Russian&Systems& 1.4&Soyuz&Deriva-ve&Systems:&Zond& • The&Zond&system&was&developed&by&the&Soviet& Union&for&unmanned&and&manned& circumlunar&flights& • The&Zond&spacecraO&was&based&on&the&Soyuz& spacecraO&without&a&u-lity&module& – For&manned&circumlunar&flights,&a&single& crew&members&would&have&inhabited& the&landing&module&for&the&~7&day& mission& • The&Zond&spacecraO&was&designed&to&be& launched&into&LEO&by&a&Proton&rocket&and& injected&towards&the&Moon&using&a&Block&D& upper&stage& • 5&unmanned&Zond&missions&were&flown,&some& of&them&(2)&would&have&been&survivable&for&a& human&crew& – One&had&a&turtle&as&crew&(the&turtle& survived)& Space&Transporta-on&Systems& 02.&Mai&2012& Dipl.8Ing.&(FH)&Moritz&Ellerbeck&M.Sc.&(TUM)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Hochschule&Augsburg&& 10& 1.0&UdSSR&8&Russian&Systems& 1.4&Soyuz&Deriva-ve&Systems:&Lunar&Orbiter&(+&Lander)& • In&addi-on&to&the&Zond&circumlunar& program,&the&Soviet&Union&pursued&a& manned&lunar&landing&program& – The&mission&architecture&was&similar& to&the&Apollo&architecture:&single& launch&(N1&rocket),&with&lunar&orbit& rendezvous&(LOR),&i.e.&a&lander& spacecraO&and&an&orbiter&spacecraO& • The&orbiter&spacecraO&was&derived&from& the&Soyuz&spacecraO& – Modified&u-lity&and&instrument& modules;&modified&heat&shield&and& avionics&for&the&landing&module& • 1&cosmonaut&would&have&remained&in&the& orbiter&while&another&cosmonaut&landed& on&the&Moon&onboard&LK&(Lunnyi&Korabl)& • All&four&N1&launches&a_empted&were& UdSSR:& USA:& unsuccessful;&there&never&was&a&manned& LK& LEM& lunar&mission& Space&Transporta-on&Systems& 02.&Mai&2012& Dipl.8Ing.&(FH)&Moritz&Ellerbeck&M.Sc.&(TUM)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Hochschule&Augsburg&& 11& 1.0&UdSSR&8&Russian&Systems& 1.4&Addi-onal&Systems:&Energia8Buran& • Soviet&orbiter&program&(197681993)& • One&autonomous&spaceflight&(November&15th&1988)& • Program&cancelled&due&to&budget&issues& Space&Transporta-on&Systems& 02.&Mai&2012& Dipl.8Ing.&(FH)&Moritz&Ellerbeck&M.Sc.&(TUM)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Hochschule&Augsburg&& 12& 1.0&UdSSR&8&Russian&Systems& 1.5&Addi-onal&Systems:&KLIPER& • Russian&concept&for&a&reusable&spacecraO& • LiOing&body&concept&to&replace&Soyuz& • Crew&capability&up&to&six&cosmonauts& • Program&period&200082007& • Cancelled&due&to&budget&issues& Space&Transporta-on&Systems& 02.&Mai&2012& Dipl.8Ing.&(FH)&Moritz&Ellerbeck&M.Sc.&(TUM)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Hochschule&Augsburg&& 13& 2.0&Chinese&Systems& Chinese&Systems& & First&taikonaut&in&space:&Oct.&2003&& Space&Transporta-on&Systems& 02.&Mai&2012& Dipl.8Ing.&(FH)&Moritz&Ellerbeck&M.Sc.&(TUM)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Hochschule&Augsburg&& 14& 2.0&Chinese&Systems& 2.1&Shenzhou& • Chinese&Shenzhou&spacecraO&is&a& deriva-ve&of&the&Russian&Soyuz&s/c& – SpacecraO&consists&of&service,&reentry,&and& orbital&modules;&however&their&design&is& different&from&the&Russian&Soyuz&design& – The&orbital&module&can&be&customized& according&to&mission&objec-ves& – The&orbital&module&remains&opera-onal& aOer&separa-on&from&the&descent&module& • Shenzhou&spacecraO&are&launched&on&a& Long&March&CZ82F&rocket&&from&the& Jiuquan&Satellite&Launch&Center& – 1st&unmanned&flight&(Shenzhou&1):&winter& 1999&/&2000& – 1st&manned&flight&(Shenzhou&5):&October& 2003,&taikonaut&Yang&Liwei& – Shenzhou&6:&October&2005;&28person&crew& – Shenzhou&7:&38person&crew;&EVA& Space&Transporta-on&Systems& 02.&Mai&2012& Dipl.8Ing.&(FH)&Moritz&Ellerbeck&M.Sc.&(TUM)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Hochschule&Augsburg&& 15& 3.0&European&Systems& European&Systems& & First&autonomously&flying&and&docking&spacecraO&to&a&man8rated&habitat&& Space&Transporta-on&Systems& 02.&Mai&2012& Dipl.8Ing.&(FH)&Moritz&Ellerbeck&M.Sc.&(TUM)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Hochschule&Augsburg&& 16& 3.0&European&Systems& 3.1&ATV& Automated&Transfere&Vehicle& • When&Russia&decided&in&1994&to&par-cipate&in&the&Interna-onal&Space&Sta-on&(ISS)&program,&ESA& made&the&decision&to&start&the&development&of&a&re8supply&vehicle&for&the&ISS&–&the&Automated& Transfer&Vehicle&(ATV)& • The&ATV&development&and&produc-on&is&being&carried&out&by&a&consor-um&of&companies&in&10& countries&under&the&leadership&of&EADS&Astrium& • The&ATV&program&took&13&years&and&cost&~&Euro&1,3&billion&for&ATV&development,&tes-ng,&and&first& flight& • Four&more&ATV&flights&to&the&ISS&are&planned&over&the&next&4&years;&ATV&re8supply&flights&are&one& of&the&key&contribu-ons&of&ESA&to&the&ISS&program& • Jules&Verne:&March&9th&2008& • Johannes&Kepler:&February&16th&2011& • Edoardo&Amaldi:&March&23rd&2012& • Currently,&the&ATV&is&only&capable&of&transpor-ng&pressurized&supplies&and&propellant&to&the&ISS;& however,&ATV&evolu-on&op-ons&which&could&return&cargo&as&well&as&transport&crew&to&and&from& the&ISS&are&under&considera-on& Space&Transporta-on&Systems& 02.&Mai&2012& Dipl.8Ing.&(FH)&Moritz&Ellerbeck&M.Sc.&(TUM)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Hochschule&Augsburg&& 17& 3.0&European&Systems& Space&Transporta-on&Systems& 02.&Mai&2012& Dipl.8Ing.&(FH)&Moritz&Ellerbeck&M.Sc.&(TUM)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Hochschule&Augsburg&& 18& 3.0&European&Systems& Space&Transporta-on&Systems& 02.&Mai&2012& Dipl.8Ing.&(FH)&Moritz&Ellerbeck&M.Sc.&(TUM)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Hochschule&Augsburg&& 19& 3.0&European&Systems& 3.1&ATV:&Mission&Scenario& ISS&crew&transfers&supplies&and& ATV&docks& waste,&as&well&as&propellant;& autonomously& ATV&raises&ISS&orbit&(reboost)&