DATE DUE llbriZl<L. - ' :_ Demco, Inc. 38-293 National Bureau of Standards A UNITED STATES H1 DEPARTMENT OF v+ *^r COMMERCE NBS TECHNICAL NOTE 631 National Bureau of Standards PUBLICATION APR 2 1973 Library, E-Ol Admin. Bldg. OCT 6 1981 191103 Thermophysical Properties of Helium-4 from 2 to 1500 K with Pressures qc to 1000 Atmospheres joo U57Q lV-O/ U.S. >EPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Bureau of Standards NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS 1 The National Bureau of Standards was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measure- ment system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau consists of the Institute for Basic Standards, the Institute for Materials Research, the Institute for Applied Technology, the Center for Computer Sciences and Technology, and the Office for Information Programs. THE INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARDS provides the central basis within the United States of a complete and consistent system of physical measurement; coordinates that system with measurement systems of other nations; and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical measurements throughout the Nation's scien- tific community, industry, and commerce. The Institute consists of a Center for Radia- tion Research, an Office of Measurement Services and the following divisions: Applied Mathematics—Electricity—Heat—Mechanics—Optical Physics—Linac Radiation 2—Nuclear Radiation 2—Applied Radiation 2 —Quantum Electronics3— Electromagnetics 3—Time and Frequency 3 —Laboratory Astrophysics 3—Cryo- 3 genics . THE INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH conducts materials research lead- ing to improved methods of measurement, standards, and data on the properties of well-characterized materials needed by industry, commerce, educational institutions, and Government; provides advisory and research services to other Government agencies; and develops, produces, and distributes standard reference materials. The Institute con- sists of the Office of Standard Reference Materials and the following divisions: Analytical Chemistry—Polymers—Metallurgy—Inorganic Materials—Reactor Radiation—Physical Chemistry. THE INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED TECHNOLOGY provides technical services to pro- mote the use of available technology and to facilitate technological innovation in indus- try and Government; cooperates with public and private organizations leading to the development of technological standards (including mandatory safety standards), codes and methods of test; and provides technical advice and services to Government agencies upon request. The Institute also monitors NBS engineering standards activities and provides liaison between NBS and national and international engineering standards bodies. The Institute consists of a Center for Building Technology and the following divisions and offices: Engineering Standards Services—Weights and Measures—Invention and Inno- vation—Product Evaluation Technology—Electronic Technology—Technical Analysis—Measurement Engineering—Fire Technology—Housing Technology 4 —Federal Building Technology 4—Building Standards and Codes Services 4— Building Environment 4—Structures, Materials and Life Safety 4—Technical 4 Evaluation and Application . THE CENTER FOR COMPUTER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY conducts re- search and provides technical services designed to aid Government agencies in improv- ing cost effectiveness in the conduct of their programs through the selection, acquisition, and effective utilization of automatic data processing equipment; and serves as the prin- cipal focus within the executive branch for the development of Federal standards for automatic data processing equipment, techniques, and computer languages. The Center consists of the following offices and divisions: Information Processing Standards—Computer Information—Computer Services —Systems Development—Information Processing Technology. THE OFFICE FOR INFORMATION PROGRAMS promotes optimum dissemination and accessibility of scientific information generated within NBS and other agencies of the Federal Government; promotes the development of the National Standard Reference Data System and a system of information analysis centers dealing with the broader aspects of the National Measurement System; provides appropriate services to ensure that the NBS staff has optimum accessibility to the scientific information of the world, and directs the public information activities of the Bureau. The Office consists of the following organizational units: Office of Standard Reference Data—Office of Technical Information and Publications—Library—Office of International Relations. 1 Headquarters and Laboratories at Gaithersburg, Maryland, unless otherwise noted ; mailing address Washington, D.C. 20234. ' Part of the Center for Radiation Research. 3 Located at Boulder, Colorado 80302. 4 Part of the Center for Building Technology. Thermophysical Properties of Helium-4 from 2 to 1500 K with Pressures to 1000 Atmospheres R.D. McCarty Cryogenics Division Institute for Basic Standards National Bureau of Standards Boulder, Colorado 80302 NBS Technical Notes are designed to supplement the Bureau's regular publications program. They provide a means for making available scientific data that are of transient or limited interest. Technical Notes may be listed or referred to in the open literature. Sf *"/ 4T£S Of U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Peter G. Peterson, Secretary NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Lawrence M. Kushner, Acting Director Issued November 1972 National Bureau of Standards Technical Note 631 Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Tech. Note 631, 161 pages (November 1972) CODEN:NBTNAE For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (Order by SD Catalog No. C13.46:631.) Contents Page 1 . Introduction 1 2. Thermodynamic and Related Properties 1 2. 1 PVT Surface 1 2.2 Derived Thermodynamic Properties 3 2. 3 Related Properties 3 2.4 Heat Capacities 3 3. Transport Properties 4 3.1 Thermal Conductivity, 300 K and Below 4 3.2 Thermal Conductivity, 300 K and Above 5 3.3 Viscosity Below 100 K 9 3.4 Viscosity Between 100 and 300 K 10 3. 5 Viscosity for Temperatures Above 300 K .... 10 4. Surface Tension 11 Dielectric Constant 11 Index of Refraction 13 Thermal Diffusivity 16 Prandtl Number 16 Joule-Thomson Inversion Curve 16 The Melting Line 19 The Lambda Line 20 Summary 20 Bibliography 21 Appendix A, List of Symbols and Units 23 Appendix B, Fixed Points 24 Appendix C, Conversion Factors 24 Appendix D, Saturation Properties 26 Appendix E, Isobaric Properties 30 List of Tables Page Table 1. Uncertainties in the PVT Data 1 2. Index of Refraction of Saturated Liquid Helium at Three Wavelengths 14 3. Joule- Thomson Inversion Curve 17 4. Melting Line for Helium-4 19 5. PpT of the Lambda Line 20 List of Figures Figure 1. Range of PT Covered 2 2. PVT Range of Experimental Data for Thermal Conductivity 6 3. Deviations between Calculated Thermal Conductivity and Data by Kerrisk (1968) 7 4. Deviations between Calculated Thermal Conductivities and Data by Golubev and Shpagina (1966) . 8 5. Deviations between Calculated and Experimental Surface Tension Data 12 6. Index of Refraction for Saturated Liquid and Gaseous Helium. Points are from Edwards (1957,1958) ... 15 7. Joule- Thomson Inversion Curve 18 THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF HELIUM-4 FROM 2 TO 1500 K WITH PRESSURES TO 1000 ATMOSPHERES" Robert D. McCarty Tables of thermophysical properties of helium 4 are presented for temperatures from 2 to 1500 K for pressures to 1000 atmospheres. The tables include, entropy, enthalpy, internal energy, density, volume, speed of sound, specific heat, thermal con- ductivity, viscosity, thermal diffusivity, Prandtl number and the dielectric constant for 62 isobars. Also included in the isobaric tables are quantities of special utility in heat transfer calculations: OP/dV) , feP/aT) , V(dH/dV) , VOP/&U) , -V( P/oV) , 1/VOV/3T) . In addition to the isobaric tables, tables for the saturated vapor and liquid are given which include all of the above properties, plus the surface tension. Tables for the PpT of the freezing liquid, PpT of the lambda line, index of refraction and the derived Joule-Thomson inversion curve are also presented. A computer program to calculate the various properties is also available. Inquiries should be addressed to the National Bureau of Standards, Cryogenic Data Center, Boulder, Colorado 80302. Key Words: Density; dielectric constant; enthalpy; entropy; equation of state; fixed points; heat transfer coefficients; helium 4; index of refraction; Joule-Thomson coefficient; lambda line; latent heat; melting point; Prandtl number; specific heats; speed of sound; surface tension; thermal conductivity; thermal diffusivity; vapor pressure; viscosity; volume. * This work carried out at the National Bureau of Standards, supported by NASA-MSC Contract T-1813A, and DOC/NBS Presidential Initiative Program in Cryogenics for the Electrical Industry. 1. Introduction The purpose of this document is to assemble data on many of the properties of helium commonly used in engineering calculations over as wide a temperature and pressure range as is practical, and present these properties in a form