Initial Environmental Examination August 2012 PAK: Punjab Irrigated Agriculture Investment Program, Tranche 3 — Pakpattan Canal and Suleimanki Barrage Improvement Project Prepared by Punjab Irrigation Department, Government of Pakistan for the Asian Development Bank. Initial Environmental Examination PAKPATTAN CANAL INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE) REPORT July 2012 Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal IEE Report PUNJAB IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE INVESTMENT PROGRAM INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION Pakpattan Canal TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1-1 1.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................ 1-1 1.2 PROJECT DETAILS ............................................................................................. 1-1 1.3 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................... 1-1 1.4 PROJECT OBJECTIVES ..................................................................................... 1-2 1.5 PROJECT LOCATION ......................................................................................... 1-2 1.6 PROJECT CATEGORIZATION ............................................................................ 1-3 1.7 OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT ......................................................................... 1-5 1.8 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT ......................................................................... 1-5 1.9 METHDOLOGY OF PERFORMING THE STUDY ................................................ 1-5 1.10 AREA OF RESPONSIBILITIES ........................................................................ 1-6 2. LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK POLICY ......................................... 2-1 2.1 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS IN PAKISTAN ................................................ 2-1 2.2 NATIONAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY .......................................................... 2-1 2.3 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT POLICY .................................................................. 2-1 2.4 GUIDELINES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ...................................... 2-2 2.4.1 Guidelines for the Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports, Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, 1997 ..................................................................... 2-2 2.4.2 Guidelines of Public Consultation, Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, May, 1997 ................................................................................................................... 2-2 2.5 ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES ................ 2-2 2.5.1 Provincial EPA ............................................................................................... 2-2 2.5.2 Provincial Departments of Forestry and Wildlife ............................................. 2-2 2.5.3 Local Government and Municipalities ............................................................. 2-2 2.5.4 Social & Environmental Management Unit (SEMU) ........................................ 2-3 2.5.5 Environment-Related Statutes ........................................................................ 2-3 2.6 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GUIDELINES ...................................................... 2-4 2.7 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS (NEQS) 2000 ............... 2-5 2.8 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ...................................................................... 2-7 3. THE PROJECT .......................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................ 3-1 3.2 CULTIVATED COMMAND AREA (CCA) .............................................................. 3-1 3.3 PAKPATTAN MAIN CANAL ................................................................................. 3-1 3.4 NEED OF THE PROJECT .................................................................................... 3-2 3.5 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT ............................................................................. 3-2 3.5.1 Proposal for Rehabilitation & Up-grading Works ............................................. 3-2 3.6 WORK BASE AREA ............................................................................................. 3-6 3.7 BORROW AREA .................................................................................................. 3-6 3.8 MATERIAL REQUIREMENT / SOURCE .............................................................. 3-6 4. ENVIORNMENTAL BASE LINE CONDITION ............................................................ 4-1 4.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................ 4-1 4.2 PROJECT AREA OF INFLUENCE (AOI) ............................................................. 4-1 4.3 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................ 4-3 4.3.1 Physiography and Soil .................................................................................... 4-3 4.3.2 Soil Types ...................................................................................................... 4-4 Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal IEE Report 4.3.3 Surface Salinity .............................................................................................. 4-4 4.3.4 Seismicity Data .............................................................................................. 4-5 4.4 HYDROLOGY ...................................................................................................... 4-6 4.4.1 Surface Water ................................................................................................ 4-6 4.4.2 Flood Record ................................................................................................. 4-8 4.4.3 Groundwater ................................................................................................ 4-10 4.5 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................... 4-14 4.5.1 Flora ............................................................................................................. 4-14 4.5.2 Fauna ........................................................................................................... 4-15 4.6 SOCIO ECONOMIC CONDITION ...................................................................... 4-19 4.7 SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................................... 4-21 4.8 GENDER ISSUES AND ANALYSIS ................................................................... 4-31 5. STUDY OF PROJECT ALTERNATIVES .................................................................... 5-1 5.1 NO PROJECT OPTION (WORST CASE SCENARIO OPTION) ........................... 5-1 5.2 CONSTRUCTING NEW CANAL .......................................................................... 5-2 5.3 REHABILITATION OF EXISTING CANAL SYSTEM (SELECTED OPTION FOR DETAIL DESIGN) ........................................................................................................... 5-2 5.4 CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................... 5-2 6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION ......................................................................................... 6-1 6.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................ 6-1 6.2 CONSULTATION METHODOLOGY .................................................................... 6-1 6.2.1 Stakeholder Identification ............................................................................... 6-1 6.2.2 Consultation Process and Technology ........................................................... 6-2 6.3 OBJECTIVES ACHIEVED WITH THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION ....................... 6-4 6.4 CONSULTATION AND DISCUSSION DURING IMPLEMENTATION................... 6-2 6.4.1 Public Hearing ................................................................................................ 6-2 6.5 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT ...................................................................... 6-4 6.5.1 Management Responsibilities ......................................................................... 6-4 6.6 SOCIAL COMPLAINTS REGISTER ..................................................................... 6-7 7. IMPACT ASSESSMENT, MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURES ............ 7-8 7.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT SOURCES ........................................................................ 7-8 7.2 IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES DURING DESIGN PHASE .............. 7-11 7.2.1 Weed in Canal Water ................................................................................... 7-11 7.2.2 Damage to Canal Banks .............................................................................. 7-11 7.3 IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE ... 7- 12 7.3.1 Physical Environment ................................................................................... 7-12 7.4 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................... 7-21 7.4.1 Damage to Biological Resources and Disturbance of Wildlife ....................... 7-21 7.5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS .........................................................................