FORMS OF ADDRESS IN CONTEMPORARY UKRAINIAN NEWSPAPERS: Morphology, Gender and Pragmatics DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Yuliya Walsh Graduate Program in Slavic and East European Languages and Cultures The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Daniel Collins, Advisor, Predrag Matejic, Brian Joseph Copyright by Yuliya Walsh 2014 Abstract This dissertation examines variation in nominal (unbound) address forms and related constructions in contemporary (post-Soviet) Ukrainian. The data come from 134 randomly selected articles in two Ukrainian newspapers dating from 1998–2013. Among the morphological and syntactic issues that receive particular attention are the allomorphy of the Ukrainian vocative and the spread of vocative markings to new categories (e.g., last names). In addition, the dissertation examines how the vocative behaves in apposition with other noun phrases; this sheds light on the controversial question of the status of the vocative in the Ukrainian case system. Another syntactic issue discussed in the study is the collocability of the unbound address and deferential reference term pan, which has become widespread in the post-Soviet period. The dissertation also examines several pragmatic issues relevant for the variation in contemporary Ukrainian address. First, it investigates how familiarity and distance affect the choice of different unbound address forms. Second, it examines how the gender of the speech act participants (addresser and addressee) influence preferencs for particular forms of address. Up to now, there have been scarcely any investigations of Ukrainian from the viewpoint of either pragmatics or gender linguistics. Thus the dissertation lays the foundation for future investigation of these important issues. ii Acknowledgments I would like to thank my dissertation adviser Dr. Daniel Collins whose comments, invaluable suggestions and optimism helped me to write this dissertation. I am especially thankful to Dr. Collins for introducing me to the topic of forms of address in Slavic languages, which eventually led to the topic of my dissertation and my continuing interest in Address theory. I am thankful to Dr. Charles Gribble for being my co-adviser on the early stages of my dissertation. Dr. Gribble has provided me with excellent advice and guidance, not only during the years of my writing, but also during my earlier graduate study, when he served as my advisor. I am also grateful to Dr. Predrag Matejic for serving on my dissertation committee and giving me useful ideas regarding my dissertation. I owe Dr. Brian Joseph special thanks for being so kind to join my committee on short notice under extraordinary circumstances. Thank you for finding time and desire to be my committee member. Finally, I am thankful to my husband and children for their continued support and patience, especially during the busiest times of writing my dissertation. I am also thankful to my extended family for giving me time to work on my dissertation and encouragement when I needed it. iii Vita Education 2001................................................................Specialist Diploma. Sociology, Karazin Kharkiv National University, Ukraine 2005................................................................M.A. Russian linguistics, The Ohio State University Professional Experience 2004-2010 .....................................................Graduate Teaching Associate, Department of Slavic and East European Languages and Cultures, The Ohio State University 2005................................................................Russian Language Instructor, East European Summer Language Institute, University of Pittsburgh 2010-present ..................................................Russian Language Instructor, Department of Modern Languages, Wright State University Fields of Study Major Field: Slavic and East European Languages and Cultures iv Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................. iii Vita…………………………...…………………………...…………………………........iv List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... ix List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... x List of Abbreviations and Symbols.................................................................................... xi Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1. The Topic Investigated ............................................................................................ 1 1.2. Purpose of the Investigation .................................................................................. 10 1.3. Methodology and Database ................................................................................... 11 1.4. Translation of the Address Term Pan to English .................................................. 17 1.5. Structure of the Dissertation .................................................................................. 18 Chapter 2: Collocations with Pan ..................................................................................... 21 2.1. Overview of P-address in Contemporary Ukrainian ............................................. 21 2.2. Historical Sketch of the Honorific Pan ................................................................. 23 2.3. Unbound vs. Bound Use of Pan ............................................................................ 33 v 2.4. Analysis of Pan Collocations in the Newspaper День .......................................... 37 2.4.1. Collocations of Pan and First Names (P+FN).............................................. 41 2.4.2. Collocations of Pan and Last Names (P+LN) .............................................. 44 2.4.3. Collocations of Pan, First and Last Names (P+FN+LN) ............................. 46 2.4.4. Collocations of Pan and Titles (P+T)........................................................... 49 2.4.5. Collocations of Pan, Titles and Last Names (P+T+LN) .............................. 51 2.4.6. Collocations of Pan, Titles, First Names, Last Names (P+T+FN+LN) ....... 54 2.5. Pan in Reference to the Third Person ................................................................... 56 2.6. Summary of Collocations with Pan ...................................................................... 58 Chapter 3: Vocative in Ukrainian ..................................................................................... 61 3.1. Syntactic Status of the Vocative ............................................................................ 61 3.2. Functions of the Vocative Forms .......................................................................... 63 3.3. Morphology of the Vocative ................................................................................. 64 3.3.1. Morphology of the Vocative in Ukrainian ................................................... 64 3.3.1.1. Masculine o-/jo-stems with Stems in Consonants Other than -r and Velars ............................................................................................................... .65 3.3.1.2. Masculine Nouns with Stems in Velars .............................................. 65 3.3.1.3. Masculine Nouns with Stems in -r ...................................................... 67 3.3.1.4. Masculine Nouns with Nominative Singular in -o .............................. 68 vi 3.3.1.5. Variation in Names Derived from Possessives ................................... 69 3.3.1.6. A-/ja-stem Nouns ................................................................................. 70 3.3.1.7. Pani ..................................................................................................... 70 3.3.1.8.Morphological Peculiarities of Masculine and Feminine Last Names . 70 3.3.1.9. Foreign Names and the Use of the Vocative ....................................... 74 3.3.2. Vocative in the South Slavic Languages ...................................................... 75 3.3.3. Vocative in the West Slavic Language ......................................................... 78 3.3.4. Vocative in the East Slavic Languages Other Than Ukrainian .................... 81 3.3.5. Summary ...................................................................................................... 84 3.4. Apposition in the Vocative .................................................................................... 85 3.5. Semantic Categories of Nouns that Form the Vocative ........................................ 89 3.5.1. Use of the Nominative Instead of the Vocative ........................................... 92 3.5.2. Collocability of the Vocative in Ukrainian .................................................. 93 3.5.3. Variation in the Vocative Endings ................................................................ 96 Chapter 4: Gender in Address ........................................................................................... 98 4.1. Relevance of Addressee’s Gender ......................................................................... 98