JUVENILE JUSTICE IN OREGON An Analysis of the Performance of Oregon’s Juvenile Justice System and Specific Recommendations for Improvements Authored by Charles French Deputy District Attorney Retired John S. Foote Clackamas County District Attorney For Additional Information Contact [email protected] September 29, 2014 This report is dedicated to Bob and Dee Dee Kouns pioneers for victims’ rights in Oregon. After the murder of their daughter, Valerie Dee McDonald in 1980, they dedicated the rest of their lives to improving Oregon’s criminal justice system. Amongst many other accomplishments, their work lead directly to the overhaul of Oregon’s juvenile justice system in 1995. They have left a powerful legacy of volunteerism and public service which is a shining example to all who wish to serve our citizens. CONTENTS EXHIBITS ................................................................................................................................................... iii PREFACE ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. 3 Juvenile system crime performance in Oregon. ....................................................................................... 3 Budget performance. ................................................................................................................................ 4 Casey Foundation performance across the nation. .................................................................................. 5 I. OREGON’S JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM ....................................................................................................... 7 Adoption of Casey Foundation practices. ................................................................................................. 7 1. Reduction in juvenile detention. ...................................................................................................... 8 2. Risk assessment tools. ....................................................................................................................... 8 3. Low rates of formal or informal supervision and sanctions. ............................................................ 9 4. Keeping offenders away from court control and supervision. ....................................................... 13 5. Low use of detention for supervision violations. ............................................................................ 14 II. COMPARISONS BETWEEN OREGON AND NATIONAL JUVENILE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE. .................... 17 A. Juvenile arrest rates. ....................................................................................................................... 17 B. Juvenile crime in Oregon................................................................................................................ 19 C. Juvenile referrals in Oregon. ........................................................................................................... 28 D. Juvenile recidivism rates in Oregon. ............................................................................................... 28 II. PURPORTED BUDGET SAVINGS ............................................................................................................... 35 A. County budget savings. ................................................................................................................... 35 B. State budget savings. ...................................................................................................................... 40 RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................................................. 41 Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 41 1. Return to the Fundamental Principles Contained in ORS 419C.001 ............................................... 41 2. New Definition of Recidivism .......................................................................................................... 42 3. Annual Reports on the performance of both county juvenile departments and OYA ................... 43 4. Enhanced Collaboration in Our Juvenile Justice System ................................................................. 44 5. Strengthen the definition of “scientifically based research” in ORS 182.515(5) ............................ 45 6. Application of “Truth in Sentencing” for Juveniles Committed to OYA .......................................... 46 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................... 49 Juvenile Justice in Oregon 9/29/2014 Page i APPENDIX A: Oregon Counties - Juvenile Arrests, Petitions, Detention, and One-Year Recidivism Statistics .................................................................................................................................................................... 51 APPENDIX B: Public Safety and Budget Performance of Casey Foundation JDAI Sites .............................. 55 A. JDAI Public Safety Performance .......................................................................................................... 55 1. JDAI public safety performance measures ...................................................................................... 56 2. Crime rate performance at JDAI sites v. national rates. ................................................................. 58 B. Budgetary performance at JDAI sites. ................................................................................................ 66 APPENDIX C: 2010 – Youth Disposed for Criminal Referral – 12 month Juvenile Criminal Referral Recidivism by Dispositional Category* ....................................................................................................... 71 APPENDIX D: Oregon Juvenile Justice Policy Memo ................................................................................... 73 APPENDIX E: Response to Policy Memo ................................................................................................... 103 A. Clackamas Juvenile Department by Ellen Crawford, Director, March 24, 2014.pdf ........................ 103 B. The OJDDA Perspective Juvenile Justice Policy Practices and Outcomes in Oregon, April 17, 2014.pdf .............................................................................................................................................................. 103 C. Juvenile Justice in Lane County from Crisis to Opportunity by Al Levine, Youth Services Division Manager, Lane County Division of Youth Services, April 22, 2014.pdf ................................................. 103 D. Oregon Youth Authority by Fariborz Pakseresht, Director, May 1, 2014.pdf .................................. 103 Page ii 9/29/2014 Juvenile Justice in Oregon EXHIBITS Charts Chart 1. Pre-Adjudication Detention Rate .................................................................................................... 8 Chart 2. Percentage of Juvenile Referrals with Petitions Filed ................................................................... 10 Chart 3. Oregon Counties Percentage of Juvenile Petitions Filed .............................................................. 11 Chart 4. Placement Beds Used for Supervision Violations.......................................................................... 14 Chart 5. Closed Custody Placement Beds Used for Supervision Violations ................................................ 15 Chart 6. Juvenile Violent Index Crime Arrest Rate ...................................................................................... 19 Chart 7. Juvenile FBI Violent Index Crime Trends ....................................................................................... 20 Chart 8. Juvenile Property Index Crime Arrest Rates .................................................................................. 20 Chart 9. Juvenile FBI Property Index Crime Trends .................................................................................... 21 Chart 10. Oregon Juvenile Drug Arrest Rates ............................................................................................. 21 Chart 11. Juvenile Drug Abuse Arrest Trends ............................................................................................. 22 Chart 12. Juvenile Illegal Drug Use Rate in Past 30-Days ............................................................................ 22 Chart 13. Juvenile Cocaine Use Rate in Past One-Year ............................................................................... 23 Chart 14. Juvenile Marijuana Use Rate in Past One-Year ........................................................................... 23 Chart 15. Juvenile Drug Addiction in Past One-Year ................................................................................... 24 Chart 16. Ratio of Juvenile Drug Arrests to Court Referrals ....................................................................... 25 Chart 17. Juveniles Needing but Not Receiving Drug Treatment ............................................................... 26 Chart 18. Juvenile Total Arrest Rate ..........................................................................................................