A-1-1 A-1-2 A-1-3 A-1-4 A-1-5 A-1-6 A-1-7 A-1-8 A-1-9 A-1-10 A-1-11 A-1-12 A-1-13 A-1-14 A-1-15 A-1-16 A-1-17 A-1-18 A-1-19 A-1-20 A-1-21 A-1-22 A-1-23 A-1-24 A-1-25 A-1-26 A-1-27 A-1-28 A-1-29 A-1-30 A-1-31 A-1-32 A-1-33 A-1-34 A-1-35 A-1-36 A-1-37 A-1-38 A-1-39 A-1-40 A-1-41 A-1-42 A-1-43 A-1-44 A-1-45 A-1-46 A-1-47 A-1-48 A-1-49 A-1-50 A-1-51 A-1-52 A-1-53 A-1-54 A-1-55 A-1-56 A-1-57 A-1-58 A-1-59 A-1-60 A-1-61 A-2. Final Report for Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (SEA) FOR UP-DATING THE NATIONAL POWER SYSTEM MASTER PLAN (PSMP), 2012 FINAL REPORT Ministry of Energy and Minerals 754/33 Samora Avenue P.O. Box 2000 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Tel: + 255 22 2117156 Email: [email protected] December 2016 A-2-1 The SEA Core Team (i). Hussein Sosovele – SEA Team Leader (ii). Raphael Mwalyosi - Ecologist (iii). George Sangu – Plant Ecologist (iv). Alexander Chambi – Land Use (v). Anselem Silayo – Resource Assessment (vi). Florian Silangwa - Socio-Economist (v). Edwinus Lyaya – Cultural Heritage A-2-2 Table of Contents Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................................... viii Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................ ix 1. Background on Tanzania and current PSMP 2012 .......................................................................... 1 1.1 The Land and the People ......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Climate ..................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Land Cover, Land Use and Resource ........................................................................................ 6 1.4 The Economy and Development............................................................................................ 21 1.5 Energy Development in Tanzania .......................................................................................... 24 1.5.1 Energy generation, distribution and transmission and status in the current PSMP ....... 25 1.6 The Power System Master Plan – Salient Features ............................................................... 30 1.7 Projected energy demand as proposed in the revised PSMP, 2012 ...................................... 32 1.8 Environmental Issues in the PSMP 2012. .............................................................................. 33 2. SEA for updating the PSMP-2012 .................................................................................................. 36 2.1 Objectives of an SEA .............................................................................................................. 36 2.2 Objectives of this SEA ............................................................................................................ 36 2.3 Defining the level /tier at which the SEA will take place ....................................................... 39 2.4 The SEA boundaries ............................................................................................................... 39 3. Legal, Institutional and Administrative Framework for this SEA .................................................. 41 3.1 Policy framework ................................................................................................................... 41 3.2 Legal framework .................................................................................................................... 46 3.2.1 International Conventions and Standards............................................................................. 55 3.3 Administrative arrangement for the implementation of this SEA ......................................... 57 4. Selection of Regions and Sites for this SEA ................................................................................... 59 4.1 Brief Background of the Regions ........................................................................................... 59 4.1.1 Morogoro Region .......................................................................................................... 59 4.1.2 Mtwara Region .............................................................................................................. 59 A-2-3 4.1.3 Ruvuma Region............................................................................................................. 60 4.1.4 The Kidatu Hydro Power Plant ..................................................................................... 60 4.1.5 Mtwara – Mnazi Bay Gas ............................................................................................. 63 4.1.6 Ruvuma – Ngaka Coal Project ...................................................................................... 65 5. Approaches and Methodology for this SEA ...................................................................................... 67 5.1 Overview of methodology and approaches .......................................................................... 67 5.2 Requirements for Stakeholder’s Consultation ...................................................................... 67 5.2.1 JICA Requirements ....................................................................................................... 67 5.2.2 World Bank Requirements ............................................................................................ 68 5.2.3 Tanzania Requirements ................................................................................................. 68 5.3 Stakeholder Identification ..................................................................................................... 69 5.4 List of Stakeholders ................................................................................................................ 69 5.5 Stakeholder’s Engagement .................................................................................................... 71 5.6 Methodologies for stakeholder’s participation ..................................................................... 71 5.7 Key Stakeholders Consulted during SEA process ................................................................... 72 5.8 Consultation outcomes and issues noted .............................................................................. 73 5.9 Summary of stakeholders issues are: .................................................................................... 80 6. Consideration of Proposed Energy Scenarios ................................................................................... 82 6.1 Consideration for Renewable energy for PSMP .................................................................... 82 6.2 Considered Scenarios .................................................................................................................. 85 6.2.1 Scenario 1 ............................................................................................................................. 85 6.2.2 Scenario 2 ............................................................................................................................. 86 6.2.3 Scenario 3 ............................................................................................................................. 87 6.2.4 Scenario 4 ............................................................................................................................. 88 6.2.5 Scenario 5 ............................................................................................................................. 89 6.2.6 The proposed scenario 2 ...................................................................................................... 89 6.3. Transmission Issues ............................................................................................................... 90 7. Analysis of Environmental and Social Implications of Scenario 2 ................................................. 91 A-2-4 7.1 Comparison of five power development scenarios: ................................................................... 91 7.2 Environmental and Social Implications .................................................................................. 92 7.2.1 Environmental and Natural Resources Issues ............................................................... 92 7.2.2. Social Issues ................................................................................................................ 100 7.2.3 Health issues ...................................................................................................................... 102 7.2.4 Archaeological and cultural issues ..................................................................................... 104 7.3 Recommended Scenario based on SEA Analysis from the environmental perspective ........... 105 8. Cross Cutting Issues .................................................................................................................... 106 8.1 Institutional Issues ............................................................................................................... 106 8.2 Economic and Financial Issues ............................................................................................. 107 8.3 Technology and Sustainability Issues .................................................................................. 107 8.4 Follow-up: