© Department2012 Department of Primary of Primary Industries Industries and Resources and Resources South ThisThis manual manual was was compiled compiled by: by: SouthAustralia Australia (PIRSA) (PIRSA), and the theDepartment Department of Agriculture of Agriculture and JudyJudy Bellati Bellati,, SouthSouth AustralianAustralian ResearchResearch andand andFood Food (DAFWA) Western Western Australia Australia. (DAFWA), and cesar Pty Ltd. DevelopmentDevelopment Institute Institute (SARDI); (SARDI); PeterPeter ManganoMangano, ,Department Department of of Agriculture Agriculture and and Food Food Copyright protects this publication. Except for purposes WesternWestern Australia Australia (DAFWA); (DAFWA); permitted by the Copyright Act 1968 (Commonwealth), PaulPaul Umina Umina,, cesarCESAR, Pty The Ltd University and the University of Melbourne; of and no partpart of of this this publication publication (including (including images, images, photos photos and Melbourne;Ken Henry, andSouth Australian Research and Development andtables) tables) may bemay reproduced, be reproduced, stored stored or transmitted or transmitted in any KenInstitute Henry (SARDI)., South Australian Research and inform any or form by any or means,by any electronicmeans, electronic or otherwise, or otherwise, without Development Institute (SARDI). withoutthe prior the written prior permissionwritten permission of Department of Department of Primary of Editing and graphic design provided by: PrimaryIndustries Industries South Australia South Australia (PIRSA) (PIRSA),and Department Department of EditingAngela and Lush graphic, lush logic design and provided by: ofAgriculture Agriculture and and Food Food Western Western Australia Australia (DAFWA). (DAFWA), and AngelaKaylee LushMaitland, lush, Lavaworks.logic; cesar Pty Ltd. Kaylee Maitland, Lavaworks; and ISBN: 978-0-646-53795-5 Michael Graham, T&M Graphic Communications. ISBN: 978-0-646-53795-5 2012 2010 © © The developmentThe development of this of edition this edition of I SPY of Ihas SPY been has beenpossible possible due to the financial due to the financialsupport support from: from: Department of Agriculture and Food Notification of any errors or omissions are welcome through [email protected], Notification of any errors or omissions are welcome through: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] or [email protected] [email protected], or [email protected] Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems Identification Manual and Education Resource Education Resource Manual and Identification Systems Farming Insects Broadacre of Southern Australian Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems Identification Manual and Education Resource Education Resource Manual and Identification Systems Farming Insects Broadacre of Southern Australian i i SECTIONSECTION 1 INTRODUCTION 1 INTRODUCTION cover.indd 2 5/08/2010 1:55:22 PM I Ispy spy InsectsInsects of of Southern Southern Australian Australian Broadacre Broadacre Farming Farming Systems Systems IdentificationIdentification ManualManual andand EducationEducation ResourceResource AboutAbout I ISPY SPY I ISPY SPY formsforms part part of theof invertebratethe invertebrate identification identification training trainingpackage package developed developed for broadacre for broadacre crops in crops the southern in the southernand western and westerngrain belt grain regions belt ofregions Australia. of Australia. I SPY has I SPYbeen has developed been developed under under the National the National Invertebrate Invertebrate Pest PestInitiative Initiative (NIPI), (NIPI), a aproject project fundedfunded throughthrough thethe Grains Grains ResearchResearch and and Development Development Corporation Corporation (GRDC). (GRDC). I SPYI SPY highlights highlights the the importance importance of of insect insect identification identification andand includes includes key key characteristics characteristics used used for for identification identification ofof importantimportant insectinsect andand otherother arthropodarthropod groupsgroups (collectively(collectively referred referred to to as as invertebrates). invertebrates). TheThe first first three three sections sections of of I ISPY SPY provide provide a ageneral general Section six provides information on monitoring, introductionintroduction and and cover cover basic basic insect insect taxonomy, taxonomy, external external sampling techniques and economiceconomic thresholds.thresholds. A crop anatomy,anatomy, key key insect insect orders orders and and identification identification keys. keys. monitoring record sheet is also provided, with checklists Education Resource Manual and Identification Systems Farming Insects Broadacre of Southern Australian of insect species by crop type and stage. Education Resource Manual and Identification Systems Farming Insects Broadacre of Southern Australian SectionSection four four provides provides detailed detailed information information of of key key invertebratesinvertebrates that that are are likely likely to to be be found found in in broadacre broadacre Finally, I SPY concludes with a section from Plant Health crops.crops. Each Each invertebrate invertebrate group group (or (or relevant relevant species) species) Australia (PHA) on the significance of biosecurity and is is covered,covered, withwith a a detaileddetailed descriptiondescription ofof theirtheir surveillance, andand our our obligation obligation to safeguard to safeguard our industry our keykey characteristics,characteristics, lifecycle,lifecycle, damagedamage andand specificspecific forindustry market for access. market access. managementmanagement options options thatthat cancan bebe employed.employed. This This sectionsection also also covers covers key key biosecurity biosecurity insect insect threats, threats, with with anan emphasis emphasis on on the the diagnostic diagnostic characters characters used used to to differentiate major biosecurity pests from established or differentiate major biosecurity pests from established or Southern and western regions nativenative pests. pests. IntegratedIntegrated pestpest managementmanagement (IPM)(IPM) isis discusseddiscussed in insection section five. five. I SPY I is SPYnot designedis not designedas an all encompassing as an all encompassingIPM document IPM but document rather as abut base rather level asmanual a base that levelintroduces manual the that main introduces components, the techniquesmain components, and tools techniquesof an IPM andprogram. tools ofIt outlinesan IPM program.management It outlines options managementthat can be implementedoptions that tocan assist be youimplemented to reduce yourto assistreliance you on to broad-spectrum reduce your reliance chemicals on broad-spectrum for pest control in chemicalsyour cropping for pest system. control Insecticide in your modes cropping of action system. and Insecticidetheir impacts modes on ofnatural action enemies and their are impacts listed, onand natural an IPM enemiesdecision-making are listed, flow and chartan IPM is presented.decision-making flow chart is presented. Southern Australia includes the southern and western grain growing regions. © © 2012 2010 iiii SECTIONSECTION 1 1 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION cover.indd 3 5/08/2010 1:55:23 PM Disclaimer Acknowledgements The information provided in this manual is based on The authors are grateful for all technical contributions, the best available knowledge and understanding at the information, advice and revision provided in the time of publishing. No person should act on the basis of development of this manual. Thanks to the following the contents of this publication without first obtaining people: specific, independent professional advice. Recognising that some of the information in this document is provided Susan Ivory, Richard Glatz, Cate Paull, Gabriella Caon, by third parties, the governments of South Australia, Jenny Davidson and Kym Perry (SARDI); Western Australia, cesar Pty Ltd, the authors, editors and the publisher take no responsibility for the accuracy, Hugh Brier, Melina Miles, Kate Charleston and currency, reliability and correctness of any information Dave Murray (DEEDI); contained in this document. It is the responsibility of users to make their kown decision about the accuracy, Gary Fitt, Nancy Schellhorn and Sarina MacFadyen currency and reliability of this information. (CSIRO); Permission of the publisher is required for reproduction. Stuart McColl and Andrew Weeks (cesar Pty Ltd); Phil Michael, Svetlana Micic, Darryl Hardie, Rob Emery, Dusty Severtson, John Botta, Lisa Sherriff, Doug Sawkins, Francoise Berlandier and Alan Lord (DAFWA); Sharyn Taylor, Stephen Dibley and Jo Slattery (PHA); Joanne Holloway and Louise Rossiter (NSW DPI); and 2012 © Tracey Farrell (Cotton CRC). Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems Identification Manual and Education Resource Education Resource Manual and Identification Systems Farming Insects Broadacre of Southern Australian iii SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION Contents Section 1. Introduction Section 2. Basic Insect Taxonomy, External Anatomy, Lifecycles and Development Section 3. Important Insect Groups and Identification Keys Section 4. Common Pest, Beneficial and Exotic Species Section 5. IPM Principles and Case Studies Section 6. Monitoring, Record Keeping, Sampling Techniques and Economic Thresholds Section 7. Biosecurity Education Resource Manual and Identification Systems Farming Insects Broadacre of Southern