UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Eponymous terms in orthopedic surgery Somford, M.P. Publication date 2018 Document Version Final published version License Other Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Somford, M. P. (2018). Eponymous terms in orthopedic surgery. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. 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Somford Matthijs Somford Agnietenstraat 176 6822 JZ Arnhem 06-24881380 [email protected] Paranimfen Michel van den Bekerom [email protected] 06-10807054 Daniël Hoornenborg [email protected] 06-14265544 UITNODIGING Voor het bijwonen van de openbare verdediging van het proefschrift EPONYMOUS TERMS IN ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY door Matthijs Somford Op woensdag 24 januari 2018 om 13:00 uur in de Aula van de Universiteit van Amsterdam Oude Lutherse Kerk Singel 411 (’t Spui) Eponymous Terms in Amsterdam Orthopedic Surgery U bent tevens van harte welkom op de receptie na afloop van de promotie in de Aula M.P. Somford Matthijs Somford Agnietenstraat 176 6822 JZ Arnhem 06-24881380 [email protected] Paranimfen Michel van den Bekerom [email protected] 06-10807054 Daniël Hoornenborg [email protected] 06-14265544 Eponymous terms in orthopedic surgery Matthijs P. Somford “Eponymous terms in orthopedic surgery” Matthijs Paul Somford PhD thesis, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Copyright © 2018 by Matthijs Paul Somford. All rights reserved. No parts of this thesis may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system of any nature or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior written consent of the author. The copyright of the articles that have been published has been transferred to the respective journals. No financial support was granted for the research of this thesis. The printing of this thesis was generously supported by: Anna fonds, NOV, Eemland orthopedie onderdeel van Centrum Orthopedie, ChipSoft, Vakgroep chirurgie/orthopedie Rijnstate ziekenhuis, Link en Lima Nederland, Smith and Nephew, Stich- ting LOOP, Academie voor Podologie, Arthroscopy & Arthroplasty Courses Utrecht, Rijnstate Vriendenfonds, Bauerfeind, Penders, Amphia ziekenhuis, Mathys Orthopaedics, Implantcast, Livit orthopedie, Stichting FORCE, Heetkamp Orthopedie Service, stichting steun orthopedie AMC, AMC/VU Cover: Rebecca Somford-Nieuwe Weme Lay-out: Gildeprint Printed by: Gildeprint ISBN: 978-94-6233-849-4 Eponymous terms in orthopedic surgery ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. dr. ir. K.I.J. Maex ten overstaan van een door het College voor Promoties ingestelde commissie, in het openbaar te verdedigen in de Aula der Universiteit op woensdag 24 januari 2018, te 13:00 uur door Matthijs Paul Somford geboren te Nijmegen Promotiecommissie: Promotores: Prof. dr. D. Eygendaal AMC - Universiteit van Amsterdam Prof. dr. C.N. van Dijk AMC - Universiteit van Amsterdam Copromotor: Dr. F.F.A. IJpma Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Overige leden: Prof. dr. T.M. van Gulik AMC - Universiteit van Amsterdam Prof. dr. R.H.G.G. van Hee Universiteit van Antwerpen Prof. dr. R.J. Oostra AMC - Universiteit van Amsterdam Dr. M.U. Schafroth AMC - Universiteit van Amsterdam Prof. Dr. I.B. Schipper Universiteit van Leiden Dr. R.G. Zuurmond Isala klinieken Faculteit der Geneeskunde Table of Contents Chapter 1 General introduction 9 Part I: On the origin of eponymous terms Chapter 2 The Pellegrini-Stieda lesion dissected historically 23 J Knee Surg. 2017 Jul 30 [epub ahead of print] Chapter 3 The Pellegrini-Stieda lesion of the knee: an anatomical and radiolog- 37 ical review Submitted Chapter 4 Kager’s ‘Bermuda’ triangle 51 The Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery 53 (2014) 503–504 Part II: The (presumed) fall of eponymous terms Chapter 5 Are you positive the Simmonds-Thompson test is negative? 61 J Foot Ankle Surg. 2016 May-Jun;55(3):682-3 Chapter 6 Eponymous terms in daily practice, a survey among Dutch orthopedic 69 surgeons Europ journal of ort surg and traum. 2017;27(7):883–887 Chapter 7 Are eponyms used correctly or not? A literature review on shoulder 81 and elbow surgery with a focus Evid Based Med. 2016 Oct;21(5):163-71 Chapter 8 The reliability of orthopedic eponymous terms 103 J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2017 Jul 5;99(13):e70 Part III: In case eponymous terms are here to stay Chapter 9 Eponymous terms in anterior shoulder stabilization surgery 117 Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2017 Sep 20 [epub ahead of print] Chapter 10 Eponyms in elbow fracture surgery 135 J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2015 Mar;24(3):369-75 Chapter 11 The origins and current applications of classic eponymous terms for 147 pelvic and acetabular fractures: a historic review J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017 Apr;82(4):802-809 Chapter 12 Eponymous hip joint approaches 165 Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2016 Jul;136(7):1007-14 Chapter 13 Biographical background and origin of common eponyms in knee sur- 181 gery: Anatomy and fractures. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2017 Jun 27 [epub ahead of print] Chapter 14 Ankle fracture eponyms 193 J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2013 Dec 18;95(24):e198(1-7) Chapter 15 Eponyms of the Kager triangle 209 J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012 May 16;94(10):e67 Chapter 16 Summary 227 General discussion and implication for daily practice 235 Implications for further research 243 Personal perspective 245 Dutch summary/ Nederlandse samenvatting 247 Appendix List of co-authors and affiliations 259 List of eponyms discussed 261 About the cover 265 Publications outside this thesis and presentations 267 Courses/trainings and congresses 275 Dankwoord 279 Curriculum Vitae 287 CHAPTER 1 General introduction General introduction General introduction Eponymous terms The word “eponym” originates from the Greek language. It is derived from the word “eponumos” [ἐπώνυμος] and means “named (-onumos) after (epi-)”. It is the exact opposite of “anonu- mos” [ἀνώνυμος], meaning “named after no one or nothing (anonymous)” (Table 1). The word eponym can refer to the namegiver itself or the derived term formed from the name of the name- giver. For instance, the person Achilles is the name of a Greek legend. His name is attached to the calcanear tendon, therefore Achilles himself is an eponym. However, the derivative term Achilles tendon can be considered an eponym or an eponymous term. In this thesis we tried to refer to the derived word as an “eponymous term” and to the namegiver as an “eponym”. Table 1: Definition of the word “eponym”29 Eponym (noun) ep·o·nym (ep’ə·ˌnim) 1: a personage assumed as the founder and namegiver of a race, state or city; also, the name of that personage. 2: A name or phrase formed from the name of a person to designate a people, period, scientific theory, disease, etc. Eponyms are almost as old as language. The first known eponymous terms are from 2000 BC, when the Assyrians named their calendar years after their high officials.1 Although the Assyrian naming of years is no longer in use, our modern calendar also has eponymous terms. The months March (Mars, god of war) and August (emperor August 63 B.C.-14 A.D.) are eponymous terms from ancient Roman times. In medical science most eponymous terms can be attributed to doctors, although in the past names of cities or patients have also been used as eponymous terms. Examples in medicine are Lyme disease (Lyme, Connecticut) and Lou Gehrig’s disease (disease suffered by Henry Louis Gehrig, 1903-1941). What became known as Lyme disease was seen in 1975 in a large cluster of cases in three towns of southeastern Connecticut. This included the towns of Lyme and Old Lyme, giving the disease its popular name. Lou Gehrig was a well-known baseball player of the New York Yankees. He died of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in 1941, and ALS in the United States now has his name attached to it. Eponyms in general, but particularly in medicine, can arise in several ways: 1) By referencing an original description 2) As a tribute to (for instance) a teacher or colleague 3) By naming something after yourself 11 Chapter 1 The first way is probably the most common. The second is a very great honor and the greatness of being truly “named after” is not bestowed on many people. In general, more disputes have arisen from colleagues “stealing” an eponym than there are eponymous terms developed in honor of a co-worker. The third way is in our opinion the least fancy and quite arrogant.