Table of Contents LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................ 7 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 9 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................................. 9 1.2 The Purpose ......................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Approach and Process ........................................................................................................................... 10 1.3.2 Sources of Data .................................................................................................................. 11 1.3.2.1 Primary Data .................................................................................................................... 11 1.3.2.2. Secondary Data. ......................................................................................................... 11 1.3.3 Data Analysis ..................................................................................................................... 11 1.4 Layout of the Plan ...................................................................................................................... 11 2.0 DISTRICT ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS12 2.1 An Overview. ......................................................................................................................................... 12 2.2 Geographical Location ........................................................................................................... 12 2.3 Land Area .......................................................................................................................... 12 2.5 Administrative Units ......................................................................................................... 14 2.6 District Geographical Issues .................................................................................................. 14 2.6.1 Climate ................................................................................................................................ 14 2.6.2 Soil ................................................................................................................................. 15 2.6.3 Topography ................................................................................................................... 15 2.6.4 Vegetation ..................................................................................................................................... 16 2.6.5 Agro – Ecological Zones (AEZ) ....................................................................................... 16 2.6.7 Drainage System ............................................................................................................... 17 2.7 Population ......................................................................................................................... 17 2.7.1 Ethnic Groups ................................................................................................................ 17 2.7.2 Population Size and Growth .......................................................................................... 17 2.7.4 Population Trend ........................................................................................................... 20 2.7.5 Dependency Ratio ......................................................................................................... 20 2.7.7 Households and Household Size ................................................................................... 24 2.7.8 Migration ......................................................................................................................... 26 2.8 External Environment Analysis. ............................................................................................. 27 2.8.1 The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) ........................................................... 27 1 2.8.2 National Development Vision (2025) and strategy for growth and reduction of poverty ................................................................................................................................................. 27 2.8.3 Gender policy.................................................................................................................. 28 2.8.4 Local Government Reform Programme. ........................................................................ 28 2.8.5 Cooperatives Development Policy (URT, 2002a) ............................................................ 29 2.8.6 Education and training policy (URT, 1995) ..................................................................... 29 2.8.7 Health policy (URT, 2003a) ............................................................................................. 30 2.8.8 Water policy (URT, 2002b) ............................................................................................. 31 2.8.9 Community Development policy .................................................................................... 31 2.8.10 Transport policy (URT, 2003b) ...................................................................................... 31 2.8.11 Trade policy .................................................................................................................. 32 2.8.12 Livestock policy ............................................................................................................. 32 2.8.13 Human settlement policy ............................................................................................. 33 2.8.14 Land policy .................................................................................................................... 33 2.8.16 Small and medium enterprise development policy (URT, 2002c) ................................ 35 Policy puts more priority in maintenance of available infrastructures and strengthens capacity in running those infrastructures. .............................................................................. 35 2.9.1.2 Food Crops ....................................................................................................................................... 36 2.9.1.2.1 Area under Food Crops Cultivation .......................................................................... 36 2.9.1.3.1 Area under Cash Crops Cultivation .................................................................. 37 2.9.1.8 Status of Agricultural Personnel ............................................................................ 40 2.9.1.8 Investment Opportunities in Agriculture Sector .......................................................................... 41 2.9.4 Fishery ................................................................................................................................ 45 2.9.7. Mining sector ................................................................................................................................ 48 2.9.10.1 Livestock Infrastructure ......................................................................................... 51 2.9.10.2 Marketing Livestock and Their Products ....................................................................... 52 2.9.11.5 Establishment and Personnel ................................................................................. 56 2.9.11.6 Investment Opportunities in Livestock Subsector ........................................................ 57 2.10.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................... 58 2.10.2 Pre-Primary Education ................................................................................................. 58 2.10.3 Primary Education ........................................................................................................ 59 2.10.3.1 Primary School Enrolment Ratios .............................................................................. 59 2.10.3.2 Completion Rate ............................................................................................................ 60 2.10.3.3Dropout Rate .................................................................................................................. 61 2 2.10.3.4 Pass Rate (PR) ............................................................................................................... 63 2.10.3.5 Primary School Facilities ................................................................................................ 64 2.10.4 Secondary Education ...................................................................................................... 68 2.10.4.2 Quantity and State of School Facilities ...................................................................... 75 2.10.5 Colleges and Vocation Training Schools ...................................................................................... 82 2.10.7 Literacy Rate .................................................................................................................. 83 2.11.1 Health Facilities ............................................................................................................. 84 2.11.2 Population per Doctor Ratio ............................................................................................