$13,900 in grants available --- Trail extension study nearing reality - Foundation plans for 2008 Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation I www.lewisandclark.org February 2008 Volume 34, No. 1 Corps of Discovery: Improvisers Extraordinaire Members possessed an uncanny ability to survive in "make-or-break" situations Retracing the Lolo Trail --- Discovering bighorn sheep Contents President's Message: Exciting initiatives on tap for 2008 2 Letters: More on murder vs. suicide; Cruzatte's eyesight in question 4 The Corps of Discovery: Improvisers Extraordinaire s When "make-or-break" situations arose, the Corps of Discovery showed an uncanny ability to improvise and proceed on By H. Cart Camp Retracing the Lolo Trail 21 Identifying Lewis and Clark's exact trail in the Lolo Trail National Ordway's Mast, p. 33 Historic Landmark is next to impossible By Erika Karuzas "Big-Horned Anamals with Circular Horns" 26 The Corps of Discovery provided American scientists with their first detailed description of bighorn sheep, but questions have arisen regarding which subspecies they saw By Kenneth C. Walcheck • Reviews 33 Fort Clatsop: Rebuilding an Icon L&CRoundup 34 Foundation grant program offers $13,900 for projects that further our m1ss1on Lolo Trail National Historic Landmark, p. 23 Trail Notes 36 Trail extension proceeding; landmark threat continues; new volunteer opportunities On the cover June 16, 1805, Meriwether Lewis determined that "g[o]od or bad we must make the portage" around the Great Falls of the Missouri. The following day, William Clark and five others surveyed the river and the portage route. Lewis "set six men at work to pepare [sic] four sets of truck wheels with couplings, toungs [sic] and bodies, that they might either be used , Bighorn sheep, p. 27 without the bodies for transporting our canoes, or with them in transporting our baggage." The portage tested the Corps of Discovery's ingenuity, along with the members' drive and determination. H. Carl Camp's article, "The Corps of Discovery: Improvisers Extraordinaire," demonstrates the corps' ability to come up with creative solutions to obstacles and unforeseen events along their journey. President's Message ==========================:::;;:::::::;;:::::::;;:::::::;;::::==:::::::;=~ Exciting initiatives on tap for 2008 February 2008 • Volume 34, Number 1 We Proceeded On is the official publication of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage t is hard to believe that the Stephenie Ambrose Tubbs, foundation Foundation, lac. Its name derives from holidays are over and the board member and daughter of a phrase that appears repeatedly in the 1 foundation is entering its fifth Stephen Ambrose: collective journals of the expedition. © 2008 month of the fiscal year! Your national E. G. Chuinard, M.D., Founder headquarters staff, foundation board As my father used to say, more ISSN 02275-6706 of directors, and committee chairmen people get their history from Ken Burns than from any other source. Editor and chairwomen have been busy for As a member of the LCTHF Wendy M. Raney the past four months organizing a P.O. Box 3434 board, I am most grate/ul that Great Falls, MT 59403 variety of crucial initiatives for our he has agreed to help us continue 406-454-1234 national organization. to teach the stories of the trail [email protected] In this column, I highlight a few through our Third Century Volunteer Proofreaders of these exciting projects; but trust Campaign. As most Americans H. Carl Camp me, I have only scratched the surface. know, his love for history is Jerry Garrett Many more will infectious and his appreciation for Lewis and Clark will always Primed by PRISM Color Corporation, be highlighted remain strong. Ken understands Moorestown, New Jersey in future issues what it means to walk in your EDITORIAL BOARD of WPO and The hero's footsteps and we welcome Orderly Report James J. Holmberg, leader his energy and inspiration into Louisville, Kentucky (TOR). As you our campaign. Robert C. Carriker read this column, Spokane, Washington consider how We are delighted that Ken has G len Lindeman you can become agreed to serve as our honorary Pullman, Washington actively involved. chairman, and deeply appreciate his Membership Information Find your continued dedication to the Lewis and Seaberg Membership in the Lewis and Clark Trail niche-there are Clark National Historic Trail and its Heritage Foundation, Inc. is open to the many ways to become engaged in your diverse stories. public. Information and applications Foundation. Lewis and Clark National H istoric are available by writing Membership Coordinator, Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage The Third Century Endowment Trail Superintendent Steve Adams Foundation, P.O. Box 3434, Great Falls, MT Campaign is off and running. and his staff invited your Foundation 59403. Campaign Chairman Jim Brooke staff and me for an all-day retreat in We Proceeded On, the quarterly magazine will keep you posted on campaign N ovember at the National Park Service of the Foundation, is mailed to current partnerships and contributions in Regional Headquarters in Omaha, members in February, May, August, and upcoming issues of WPO and TOR. Nebraska. They were wonderful hosts, November. Articles appearing in this journal This campaign is critical to the and it was an exciting and productive are abstracted and indexed in HISTORICAL ABSTRACTS and AMERICA: HISTORY AND stability of your foundation and its day. LIFE. programs. The most exciting news Now, more than ever, it is Annual Membership Categories: in the campaign is the introduction important that our organizational of Honorary Chairman Ken Burns. strengths compliment each other. Student $30 Library/Nonprofit $40 As you know, Ken, in partnership Philosophically we are on the same Individual $49 with Dayton Duncan, produced page, and our relationship is solid, Family/International $65 and directed the fine documentary healthy and energized. Our two Heritage C lub $100 on the Lewis and Clark Expedition. organizations are committed to Explorer Club $150 Jefferson Club $250 Ken is the author and producer of looking for creative ways to partner Discovery Club $500 many wonderful documentaries on on a multitude of exciting educational Expedition Club $1,000 a multitude of engaging historical and trail-related projects. I look Leadership Club $2,500 subjects. H e is taking time out from forward to reporting on them in The Lewis and Clark Trail H eritage Foundation, the hectic release of The War to be our future publications. Inc. is a tax-exempt nonprofit corporation. Hopefully you already know about Individual membership dues are not tax deductible. honorary chairman. The portion of premium dues over $49 is tax His commitment to the Lewis the Foundation's Monetary Grants deductible. and Clark Trail H eritage Foundation program, which we re-instituted this and our campaign is summed up by year. We announced the program on 2 - We Proceeded On February 2008 NOW time a teen program during the annual meeting for 12 to 16 year olds. There will now AVAILABLE be a full range of exciting adventures for children and The Natural World youth at all annual meetings to compliment Camp of Lewis and Clark Pomp. Engaging youth David A. Dalton is our future, and getting them out having fun on the trail and understanding the many diverse stories of the expedition is key. We also are working with the Boy Scouts of America, the National Park Service and several state educational groups to January 1, 2008, and you can access create more opportunities for youth the application and grant criteria on throughout the year. You will be our Foundation Web site at www. hearing more about them in T OR and lewisandclark.org. Board member WPO. Jane Randol Jackson graciously has Lastly, remember that you, our agreed to serve as chairwoman and has members and chapters, are crucial to a organized a very capable committee to successful foundation. In my holiday help her. At just under $15,000, this letter to chapter presidents I stated, year's grant program is only a start. As the Third Century Endowment ' As president of the Foundation, it is my personal goal to Enhanced with unusual and Campaign gains momentum and informative illustrations, biologist success, it is our plan to increase the communicate with and support the Foundation's chapters this David Dalton's new book grants program each year. We hope year. Your Great Falls staff, reexamines Lewis and Clark's our chapters and other interested the Board and I are committed observations of the new plants and groups will take advantage of this to visiting as many chapters animals they encountered in the program to create wonderful projects as possible in 2008, either at light of modern science. He shows across the country. Remember, the Regional or individual meetings. how advances like DNA research, deadline for project applications is ... I will be working closely with modern understanding of proteins, March 15, 2008. Jim Rosenberger, Membership and the latest laboratory methods As I stated in my last letter, I Chair, and Rebecca West, shed new light on the expedition's believe that the key to the success of Director of Operations and findings. Introducing the tools our Foundation is involving youth,at Membership Services, in the and techniques of today's science all levels. I hope you are taking tqis coming months to maximize in a way that won't intimidate our service to your chapter. I t nonspecialist readers, he expertly initiative to heart and thinking of is my hope that you will also creative ways to involve them in many balances botanical and wological encourage your members to join information, with coverage ranging of your programs and projects. the Foundation. from the extincrion of large animals The Great Falls annual meeting in North America a few thousand volunteers are involving youth, and As you read this, many of our years ago to the expected effects of I am delighted to announce that the initiatives to partner with and serve invasive species and climate change 2008 annual meeting will embrace our members and chapters already in the corning centuries.