Voices and Practices in Applied Linguistics Voices Voices and Practices in Applied Linguistics: Diversifying a Discipline Voices and Practices in comprises a selection of original research and commentary in the diverse field of Applied Linguistics. Applied Linguistics It is a unique collection of reflections and cutting-edge research relating to academic, policy and professional dimensions of Applied Diversifying a Discipline Linguistics, featuring chapters written by pioneers in the area, established researchers, and rising stars. This accessible, eclectic and forward-looking volume is significant both for research and practice. It highlights current globalised perspectives on diversity in language use and communication across a variety of contexts, and with a rich mix of frameworks, methodologies and participants. Chapters in the volume draw upon papers from the 2017 British Association for Applied Linguistics (BAAL) conference, which marked a Discipline Diversifying the 50th anniversary of its inaugural meeting. Founded in the mid-1960s, this UK-based professional association provides a forum for Applied Linguistics and its annual meeting brings together researchers and language professionals. Compiled and edited by a team of academic experts in the field, this collection will be of interest to established and emerging researchers & Simpson Harvey Wright, Eds. in Applied Linguistics globally. It will also be relevant to language professionals, practitioners, and policy makers. Edited by Clare Wright Lou Harvey James Simpson Voices and Practices in Applied Linguistics: Diversifying a Discipline Edited by Clare Wright, Lou Harvey and James Simpson Published by White Rose University Press (Universities of Leeds, Sheffield and York) University of York, Heslington, York, UK, YO10 5DD https://universitypress.whiterose.ac.uk Voices and Practices in Applied Linguistics: diversifying a discipline Text © The Authors, 2019 First published 2019 Corrected in 2021 to address a typographical error in Chapter 1, Overview of Chapters section, p 5. Cover Illustration: Photo by Daniel Olah on Unsplash.com Cover designed by Tom Grady, WRUP ISBN (Paperback): 978-1-912482-16-0 ISBN (PDF): 978-1-912482-17-7 ISBN (EPUB): 978-1-912482-18-4 ISBN (MOBI): 978-1-912482-19-1 DOI (volume): https://doi.org/10.22599/BAAL1 Reuse statement: Apart from exceptions, where specific copyright statements are given, this work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International Licence (CC BY-NC 4.0). To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, California, 94042, USA. This licence allows for sharing and adapting any part of the work for personal and non-commercial use, providing author attribution is clearly stated. Example citation: Wright, C., Harvey, L. and Simpson, J. (eds.), 2019. Voices and Practices in Applied Linguistics: Diversifying a discipline. York: White Rose University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22599/BAAL1. CC BY-NC 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ To access this work freely online via the White Rose University Press website, please scan this QR code or visit DOI: https://doi.org/10.22599/BAAL1. Dedication This volume is dedicated to the memory of Professor Ron Carter, Chair, British Association for Applied Linguistics, 2003–2006 Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction – Diversity in Applied Linguistics: Opportunities, Challenges and Questions 1 James Simpson, Lou Harvey and Clare Wright (University of Leeds) Section A – Applied Linguistics: Looking Back, Looking Forward 11 Chapter 2: The Engagement of BAAL – and Applied Linguistics – with Policy and Practice 13 Tess Fitzpatrick (Swansea University), Mike Baynham (University of Leeds), Guy Cook (King’s College London), Susan Hunston (University of Birmingham), Ros Mitchell (University of Southampton) and Greg Myers (Lancaster University) Chapter 3: Disciplinarity and Disparity in Applied Linguistics 33 Henry Widdowson (University of Vienna) Chapter 4: Applied Linguistics from the Perspective of Sign Language and Deaf Studies 51 Bencie Woll (University College London) Chapter 5: The Vital Need for Ontological, Epistemological and Methodological Diversity in Applied Linguistics 71 Jean-Marc Dewaele (Birkbeck, University of London) Section B – Applied Linguistics and ‘Real-World Problems’ 89 Chapter 6: Creative Inquiry in Applied Linguistics: Language, Communication and the Arts 91 Jessica Bradley (University of Sheffield) and Lou Harvey (University of Leeds) Chapter 7: Standard Language Ideology and the Non-Standard Adolescent Speaker 109 Shivonne M. Gates and Christian Ilbury (Queen Mary University of London) Chapter 8: A Linguistic Ethnography of Theatre Production 127 Kelli Zezulka (University of Leeds) vi Voices and Practices in Applied Linguistics Chapter 9: HIV/AIDS Antenatal Consultations as Regulative Discourse: The Case of Malawi 143 Rachel Chimbwete-Phiri and Malcolm N. MacDonald (Warwick University) Chapter 10: Rethinking Policy and Pedagogy: A Study of Linguistic Diversity and Practice in Sri Lanka 161 Dilini Chamali Walisundara (University of Sri Jayewardenepura) Section C – Applied Linguistics and Language Education 175 Chapter 11: Language Teaching in Turbulent Times: Curriculum-Savvy Teachers for Curriculum Success and Sustainability 177 Mohamed Daoud (Institut Supérieur des Langues de Tunis) Chapter 12: Hard to Know or Hard to Say? Developing Explicit Grammar Knowledge among Primary Student Teachers 195 Huw Bell and Steph Ainsworth (Manchester Metropolitan University) Chapter 13: Constructing Science Knowledge in Linguistically Diverse South African Classrooms: Opportunities and Challenges for Learning 211 Margaret Probyn (University of the Western Cape) Chapter 14: Using an Online Collocation Dictionary to Support Learners’ L2 Writing 233 Dung Cao (National University of Vietnam) and Alice Deignan (University of Leeds) Chapter 15: Syntactic Complexity in Second Language Academic Writing in English: Diversity on Display 251 Rosmawati (University of Sydney) Index 271 CHAPTER 1 Introduction – Diversity in Applied Linguistics : Opportunities, Challenges and Questions James Simpson, University of Leeds Lou Harvey, University of Leeds Clare Wright, University of Leeds This volume provides wide-ranging insights into the current state of applied linguistics. We focus on the existence of and need for diversity in this growing discipline, celebrating half a century since the first annual meeting of the British Association for Applied Linguistics in 1967. Chapters are drawn and developed from the 50th anniversary conference held at the University of Leeds in the summer of 2017 and hosted by the Centre for Language Educa- tion Research. Included within these pages are the texts from the three ple- nary lectures ( Widdowson; Woll; Daoud); discussions from the two invited colloquia (Fitzpatrick et al.; Bradley and Harvey); and nine chapters selected through peer review, representing the very best of the 250+ papers presented at the Leeds conference. Together, this work offers a panoramic view of research in – and commentary upon – applied linguistics five decades or more since the field was established. How to cite this book chapter: Simpson, J., Harvey, L. and Wright, C. 2019. Introduction – Diversity in Applied Linguistics: Opportunities, Challenges and Questions. In: Wright, C., Harvey, L. and Simpson, J. (eds.) Voices and Practices in Applied Linguistics: Diversifying a Discipline, pp. 1–9. York: White Rose University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22599/BAAL1.a. Licence: CC BY-NC 4.0 2 Voices and Practices in Applied Linguistics To mediate relevantly Such an anniversary invites reflection, stock-taking and speculation on what is to come. The warrant for examining the field of applied linguistics is strong, professing – as it does – to connect knowledge about language to decision- making in the real world. Both ‘knowledge about language’ and ‘the real world’ are in flux. New practices and understandings of communication are throwing into question the centrality (if not the importance) of language in contempo- rary life. And the environments within which communication takes place – global and local, physical and social – are experiencing rapid change as never before. The work collected here affords us a space to ask about the principles and purposes of applied linguistics and to consider its direction of travel. The most widely cited definition of applied linguistics is from Chris Brumfit: ‘the theoretical and empirical investigation of real-world problems in which language is a central issue’ (1995: 27). The motivation for applied linguistics therefore lies not with an interest in autonomous or idealised language: applied linguistics is concerned with contexts. Moreover, the interest in ‘real-world problems’ suggests that this concern goes beyond mere descriptions of lan- guage in use. ‘Investigation’ suggests that a praxis orientation is central, explic- itly or implicitly, in much work in applied linguistics, and this is evident in the chapters in this volume. That is to say, reflection (or, as Paolo Freire (1970) would have it, the development of a critical consciousness) and action combine in much applied linguistics study. Reflection alone is clearly not enough. ‘One is tempted to wonder,’ says Martin Bygate (2005: 570), ‘what is so special about studying language within real-world problems if the only purpose is to