OGP Arctic Response Consequence Analysis Tables (ARCAT): Marine-associated Bird Valuable Ecosystem Components (VECs) Prepared by 4103 S. Texas Avenue, Suite 211 Bryan, TX 77802 USA for ENVIRON Port Gamble, WA FA0016-02 October 2014 Suggested format for citation: LGL Ecological Research Associates Inc. 2014. OGP Arctic Response Consequence Analysis Tables (ARCAT): Marine-associated Bird Valuable Ecosystem Components (VECs). Rep. by LGL Ecological Research Associates, Inc., Bryan, TX, for Environ, Port Gamble, WA. 34 p. + appendix. Table of Contents Page Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ ii List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ iv 1.0 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................1 2.0 Profiles of Marine-associated Bird VECs ............................................................................2 2.1 Steller’s Eider (Polysticta stelleri) .......................................................................... 2 2.1.1 Justification for Selection as VEC .............................................................. 2 2.1.2 Species Description ..................................................................................... 2 2.1.3 Species Resilience ....................................................................................... 4 2.1.4 VEC-AEC Interaction ................................................................................. 4 2.2 Spectacled Eider (Somateria fischeri) .................................................................... 4 2.2.1 Justification for Selection as VEC .............................................................. 4 2.2.2 Species Description ..................................................................................... 4 2.2.3 Species Resilience ....................................................................................... 6 2.2.4 VEC-AEC Interaction ................................................................................. 7 2.3 King Eider (Somateria spectabilis) ......................................................................... 7 2.3.1 Justification for Selection as VEC .............................................................. 7 2.3.2 Species Description ..................................................................................... 7 2.3.3 Species Resilience ....................................................................................... 9 2.3.4 VEC-AEC Interaction ................................................................................. 9 2.4 Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis).................................................................. 10 2.4.1 Justification for Selection as VEC ............................................................ 10 2.4.2 Species Description ................................................................................... 10 2.4.3 Species Resilience ..................................................................................... 11 2.4.4 VEC-AEC Interaction ............................................................................... 12 2.5 Red Knot (Calidris canutus) ................................................................................. 12 2.5.1 Justification for Selection as VEC ............................................................ 12 2.5.2 Species Description ................................................................................... 12 2.5.3 Species Resilience ..................................................................................... 14 2.5.4 VEC-AEC Interaction ............................................................................... 14 2.6 Spoon-billed Sandpiper (Calidris pygmea) .......................................................... 14 2.6.1 Justification for Selection as VEC ............................................................ 14 2.6.2 Species Description ................................................................................... 14 2.6.3 Species Resilience ..................................................................................... 16 2.6.4 VEC-AEC Interaction ............................................................................... 16 2.7 Dunlin (Calidris alpina) ....................................................................................... 16 2.7.1 Justification for Selection as VEC ............................................................ 16 2.7.2 Species Description ................................................................................... 16 ii 2.7.3 Species Resilience ..................................................................................... 18 2.7.4 VEC-AEC Interaction ............................................................................... 18 2.8 Thick-billed Murre (Uria lomvia) ......................................................................... 19 2.8.1 Justification for Selection as VEC ............................................................ 19 2.8.2 Species Description ................................................................................... 19 2.8.3 Species Resilience ..................................................................................... 20 2.8.4 VEC-AEC Interaction ............................................................................... 21 2.9 Black Guillemot (Cepphus grylle) ........................................................................ 21 2.9.1 Justification for Selection as VEC ............................................................ 21 2.9.2 Species Description ................................................................................... 21 2.9.3 Species Resilience ..................................................................................... 23 2.9.4 VEC - AEC Interaction ............................................................................. 23 2.10 Kittlitz’s Murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris) ................................................ 24 2.10.1 Justification for Selection as VEC ............................................................ 24 2.10.2 Species Description ................................................................................... 24 2.10.3 Species Resilience ..................................................................................... 25 2.10.4 VEC-AEC Interaction ............................................................................... 26 2.11 Black-legged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla)............................................................ 26 2.11.1 Justification for Selection as VEC ............................................................ 26 2.11.2 Species Description ................................................................................... 26 2.11.3 Species Resilience ..................................................................................... 28 2.11.4 VEC-AEC Interaction ............................................................................... 28 2.12 Ivory Gull (Pagophila eburnea) ........................................................................... 29 2.12.1 Justification for Selection as VEC ............................................................ 29 2.12.2 Species Description ................................................................................... 29 2.12.3 Species Resilience ..................................................................................... 30 2.12.4 VEC-AEC Interaction ............................................................................... 31 3.0 References ..........................................................................................................................32 Appendix 1: Interaction of Marine-associated Bird VECs and AECs and Other VEC-associated Data .............................................................................................35 iii List of Figures Page Figure 2.1. Global Distribution of Polysticta stelleri. ............................................................... 3 Figure 2.2. Global Distribution of Somateria fischeri............................................................... 5 Figure 2.3. Global Distribution of Somateria spectabilis. ........................................................ 8 Figure 2.4. Global Distribution of Fulmarus glacialis. ........................................................... 11 Figure 2.5. Global Distribution of Calidris canutus. .............................................................. 13 Figure 2.6. Global Distribution of Calidris pygmea. .............................................................. 15 Figure 2.7. Global Distribution of Calidris alpine. ................................................................. 17 Figure 2.8. Global Distribution of Uria lomvia....................................................................... 19 Figure 2.9. Global Distribution of Cepphus grille. ................................................................. 22 Figure 2.10. Global Distribution of Brachyramphus brevirostris. ............................................ 24 Figure 2.11. Global Distribution of Rissa tridactyla. ................................................................ 27 Figure 2.12. Global Distribution of Pagophila eburnea. .......................................................... 29 iv (This page intentionally