C1 Stop Student Notes! - _______________ Write Your Observations In This Packet – Sometimes Hints Are Given! Refer to the Reference Guide for more Goodies (pictures, charts, maps, and details – oh my!) regarding each location!! Your My Takeaways are significant!!! When observing, remember the Sweet 16!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 1. Important? 2. History? Intros – Big Ideas 3. Terrain? Reference Guide Pages: F1-F16 4. Rock Types? 5. Layers? -My Neato-Spiffy-Superfantasmic-Takeaway: 6. Colors? 7. Lines? 8. Curves? 9. Canyon Shape? Jackson, WY – Grand Junction, CO 10. Erosion? Reference Guide Pages: G1-G24 11. Faulting? What Do I Observe? 12. Fossils? 12. Past Water? Watch for evidences of large water flows in the past - especially South of 13. Current Water? Kemmerer all the way into the Flaming Gorge area. I suspect these 14. Climate? “channels” are major outwash flows. If they are, they are many miles wide 15. Vegetation? with high bluffs on each side. Record what you see and your thoughts. 16. Wildlife? Note changes in vegetation patterns. Start at Jackson--Go down in elevation and note changes in vegetation--then go back up as you go over the pass, then back down to Vernal and back up to Douglas Pass and then down again to Grand Junction. Elevation certainly dictates the biology. Fossil Butte National Monument Reference Guide Pages: G1-G3 What Do I Observe? C2 My Takeaways: -_________________ Animals -No _________________ -In a __________? (a lot of water) -Modern Environments can’t ______________________. -My Neato-Spiffy-Superfantasmic-Takeaway: Dinosaur National Monument Reference Guide Pages: G4-G5 What Do I Observe? My Takeaways: -Bones ______________________ in due to a ________________! -My Neato-Spiffy-Superfantasmic-Takeaway: Colorado National Monument Reference Guide Pages: G5-G24 What Do I Observe? C3 Record your observations and notes regarding “Two Hats.” My Takeaways: -________________ and ______________ Fold – gradual _______________ -________________Rock and ____________________________Rock -Great ___________________________________ -__________________ __________________________ Layers are not present here. -___-shaped canyons – ___________________, very little ________________, very little ______________ at the bottom, sharp-______________________cliffs -Secular Model – Changes over time ( _____-_____-ing) -My Neato-Spiffy-Superfantasmic-Takeaway: Valley, Fossil Sites, and River Road between Grand Junction, CO and Moab, UT Reference Guide Pages: H1-H7 What Do I Observe? C4 En Route to Moab: Recall the huge lake at Missoula Montana. Can you imagine what the Grand Valley looked like as a huge lake? As we drive to Moab, look for water channels, mud piles, and other evidence of a draining lake. Note that shorelines are not visible like they are at Missoula or the Salt Lake region. Why? Describe the characteristics of the Morrison Formation where many of the dinosaurs are found. Note _______________________ overtaking the region: Watch changes in vegetation patterns. My Takeaways: -Morrison Formation – Dinosaurs – very _______– very _________________________ -Dave’s _____ _____Story -Fossil Site – shells all _______________ up together (similar to Dinosaur National Monument) -Dinosaur Museum – Fossil Definition & Death _______________ -Monuments, Desert ___________________, ____________________, ____________________Beetle, _______________Species, Evidence of _______________, ______________________Erosion - Holes in Sandstone Rock (Dave’s Story) -My Neato-Spiffy-Superfantasmic-Takeaway: C5 Moab, UT Reference Guide Pages: H7-H17 What Do I Observe? __________ Zone: Record your observations ___________________ Drawing: Large __________________ deposits—How did they get here? My Takeaways: -Tremendous ___________ – _____ ft of difference -__________ Fold and curve – still _______ -____________________ Petroglyph – did ancient people see these creatures? -Elements can still __________ through tight oil shale -Large __________ ____________________ better explained from quick and massive _________________________ during flood as opposed to slow Evaporative Model -A lot of minerals and _______________ in the area -_______________ south of Moab – evidence of a lot of __________ moving them -My Neato-Spiffy-Superfantasmic-Takeaway: C6 Canyonlands National Park Reference Guide Pages: H18-H30 What Do I Observe? While Driving: Look closely again at a different rock type – many sandstones/ conglomerates Green River Overlook Record similarities between what you see here and what you may have seen at Dry Falls. Upheaval Dome Record the different theories of the formation of this feature. What do you think? Do you have your own suggestion? (Why did I not call that a theory?) Vegetation and Micro-ecosystems: Pay attention to the relationship of slope orientation to sun, slope angle, water availability, etc. in the distribution of plants. Record notes: My Takeaways: -_______________ ____________________/Plants ____________________ Strategies – Wax coating, water storage, selective die-back, smaller leaves, deep and/or shallow spreading roots, ability to quickly grow new shoots on roots, dormancy, increased blood flow to skin, large ears, heavy fur, panting, C7 sweating, coloration, shade-resting, reduced metabolism, estivation, hibernation, burrowing underground, nocturnal nature, migration, concentrated waste products, efficient kidneys, convoluted nasal passages, -Definition of Evolution? – How much _______________? -____________________ and __________________ ____________________ are not Creative mechanisms. -We see evidence of Genetic Entropy! -Upheaval Dome – Meteorite strike or Salt Dome (now dissolved)? -Origins Science – hypotheses – how do you proof or know what’s true. -Overlooks – __________ erosion → _________________________ erosion, possible ripple marks, ___-shaped (receding) waterfalls, Great _________________________, different _________________________ of layers – _________________________ – __________ Model -My Neato-Spiffy-Superfantasmic-Takeaway: Arches National Park Reference Guide Pages: H30-H37 What Do I Observe? ____________-___________________ in Navajo Sandstone. -Note features that indicate deposition by fast-moving currents, rather than windblown sand. Sketch here: ______ and Erosion: How did the erosion occur here? C8 Also note changes in vegetation patterns. My Takeaways: -__________ Arches, have to be 3 feet wide openings -Arches form from normal erosion of _______________ sediments dropping away from _______________ sediments -More common due to _____ formation -______ – formed as _________ _____________ push up from below and crack the rocks above lengthwise -Holes (__________) in Sandstone Rock – less _______________ bubbles? -_______________ -______________________________ Soil -__________-____________________ -My Neato-Spiffy-Superfantasmic-Takeaway: Natural Bridges Reference Guide Pages: I1-I11 What Do I Observe? Note the Native American rock art on one of the bridges. What is it? Why would the Park rangers say it was nothing but graffiti? Note life on the edge. How would you like to raise a family at the ruins? Describe the difference in formations of the arches at Arches National Monument and those found here at Natural Bridges. C9 My Takeaways: -_______________ Meandering River creates Natural Bridges -Natural Bridges form from ____________________ _______________ -Potential __________-_______________ ____________________ Petroglyph -__________ within the ledges all over -My Neato-Spiffy-Superfantasmic-Takeaway: Monument Valley Reference Guide Pages: I12 What Do I Observe? My Takeaways: -_________________________ Remnants – think flowing __________! -My Neato-Spiffy-Superfantasmic-Takeaway: Petrified Forest National Park (And Meteor Crater) Reference Guide Pages: I13-I18 What Do I Observe? Look for evidences of Water flow channels on way to Petrified Forrest Petrified Forest: Forest or Log-jam? What do you think? Note that many of the logs are replaced with Agate (Silica). How does that relate to the time needed to petrify the trees? Record any observation and impressions you have from this area. C10 My Takeaways: -Large Petrified __________ -____________________ Layers -Tree __________ Studies -My Neato-Spiffy-Superfantasmic-Takeaway: Grand Canyon Reference Guide Pages: GC1 – 145 What Do I Observe? En Route to Grand Canyon: Notice the following features. My Observations: Caverns: Are you aware that there are big caverns below us at some sections along this route? Red Butte Note massive erosion of plateau. Is it flat? Red Butte shows that there used to be more layers above us! San Francisco Peaks (Volcanic) Ponderosa Pine Forest (Extensive Ponderosa Pine forest between Williams and the Canyon) Initial Observations from the Rim: Questions to Consider from the Rim: What is your first impression of Grand Canyon? C11 How Big is the Grand Canyon? -How far across? -How far down? -How long would it take to walk down to the River? -How much sediment is missing?? What do you notice about the Rock Layers? -Colors, Lines, Shapes, Canyons, etc.?? Are there any vegetation changes corresponding to elevation change? What zone are you in at the rim or at the bottom? How did the Rock Layers form? How long did it take to deposit them? How did the Canyon erode? How long did it take to erode? How did the Side Canyons form? Other Observations: Driving through the Park Note vegetation changes along the way. (Pinyon-Juniper Zone and Ponderosa Pine Zone) Fossil Site near Bright Angel Lodge/Trailhead: What kind of fossils