HIS 207 Oakton Community College December 1, 2011 West East Maximian 286-305 Diocletian 284-305 Constantius Chlorus Galerius Caesar 293-305 Caesar 293-305 Augustus 305-306 Augustus 305-311 Severus Licinius Caesar 305 Augustus 306-307 Augustus 308-324 Maxentius Maximinus Dia Augustus 308-312 Caesar 305-308 Constantine Augustus 308-313 Caesar 306-308 Augustus 308-337 Nagle p. 427 Flavius Valerius Constantinus Born in February 271-273 To Constantius Chlorus and Helena Constantius Caesar in 293 in Diocletian’s tetrarchy Married Theodora, daughter of Maximian Diocletian and Maximian retired 305 Constantius became augustus; died in York 306 Constantine “declared” augustus Returns to Trier Marries Fausta, daughter of Maximian Maxentius, son of Maximian, also declared emperor (in October 306) by Senate and Praetorian Guard in Rome Maxentius and Constantine Brothers-in-law Maximian died 310 These two are at war in 312 Battle at Milvian Bridge in 312 Constantine ruler in the west 312 Constantine and Maxentius Conversion to Christianity? The dream Hoc signo victor eris Battle standards Labarum Essentially Christian henceforth Political expediency Religious conviction 313 Milan Formulated religious policy – tolerance Edict of Milan North Africa The lapsi Synod of Rome, 313 Synod of Arles, 314 Donatists exist for about 200 years 316 – 324 Licinius defeated at Adrianople and Chrysopolis in 324 Licinius and his son, Licinius, executed Constantine rules the Roman world Arius, priest in Alexandria Jesus not co-eternal with the father Trinity not a trinity Jesus created by the God Arius excommunicated in 318 at Alexander Called by Constantine First Ecumenical council Nicene Creed: consubstantiality Arius condemned; Arianism continues into early medieval period 326 – Crispus, older son, executed Fausta killed Damnatio memoriae for both Helena goes on pilgrimage Church of the Nativity at Bethlehem Church of the Eleona on Mount of Olives Originally Byzantium Boundaries set in 324 Walls complete in 328 Dedicated 330 On seven hills, senate, subsidized grain, hippodrome Forum of Constantine 75’ porphyry column Hagia Sophia Hagia Eirene Church of the Holy Apostles Retained ost of Diocletian’s administrative arrangements Introduced new coin: gold solidus Standard for centuries Made the church an agency of the government Successful military campaigns 306-308 and 314-15 on German frontier 332 and 336 against the Goths Constantine II 317 Constantius II 324 Constans 333 Nephew: Flavius Dalmatius 335 All augustii – and all in conflict 325-337 Support of church Destruction of temples Employment of bishops Taxes Courts Restrictions of Jews Against conversion to Judaism Restrictions of civil rights Plan for burial Sarcophagus in the Church of the Holy Apostles The 13th apostle? .