Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 4 1. Introduction/Scope ............................................................................................. 7 1.1 Background .......................................................................................................................................................... 8 1.2 Problem Statement ........................................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Identification .................................................................................................................................................... 11 1.4 Concept Overview .......................................................................................................................................... 11 2. Current Operations and Capabilities .................................................................. 12 2.1 Definitions ......................................................................................................................................................... 13 2.2 Description of Current Operations .......................................................................................................... 14 2.3 Current Supporting Infrastructure ......................................................................................................... 16 3. Justification and Description of Changes ............................................................ 17 4. APNT Concept of Operations ............................................................................. 17 4.1 APNT CONOPS Narrative ............................................................................................................................ 19 4.1.1 Current Environment APNT Concepts ............................................................................................... 21 4.1.1.1 Non-DME/DME aircraft operators .................................................................................................. 21 4.1.1.2 DME/DME Aircraft Operations ......................................................................................................... 28 4.1.2 Target Environment APNT Concepts ................................................................................................. 33 4.1.2.1 Pre-Planned actions by Low-End General Aviation .................................................................. 38 4.1.2.2 Pre-Planned actions by Airlines ........................................................................................................ 43 4.2 Assumptions and Constraints ................................................................................................................... 49 4.3 Operational Environment ........................................................................................................................... 51 4.4 Operations ......................................................................................................................................................... 52 4.4.1 Principles for Presentation of Information ...................................................................................... 52 4.4.1.1 Flight Deck ................................................................................................................................................. 53 4.4.1.2 ANSP ............................................................................................................................................................. 53 4.4.1.3 Secondary Users of Information ....................................................................................................... 54 4.4.2 Aircraft States ............................................................................................................................................... 54 4.4.3 GPS Interference Alerts ............................................................................................................................ 56 4.4.4 Interference Events ................................................................................................................................... 57 4.5 Benefits to be Realized ................................................................................................................................. 60 5. Operational Scenarios ....................................................................................... 62 5.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................................................ 63 5.2 GNSS Service Disruptions ........................................................................................................................... 63 5.2.1 Localized Interference .............................................................................................................................. 64 5.2.2 Wide-area Interference ............................................................................................................................ 64 5.2.3 Mobile Intermittent Interference ......................................................................................................... 64 5.3 Scenario Approach ......................................................................................................................................... 65 5.4 Terms Used in Scenario Development .................................................................................................. 68 5.5 Operational Procedures ............................................................................................................................... 71 5.6 Scenario Assumptions .................................................................................................................................. 72 5.7 System Planning ............................................................................................................................................. 79 5.7.1 Pre-negotiation ............................................................................................................................................ 80 5.7.2 Negotiation .................................................................................................................................................... 80 5.7.3 Agreement ..................................................................................................................................................... 80 5.7.4 Execution........................................................................................................................................................ 80 2 5.8 Scenario Description – Phoenix to Miami ............................................................................................ 84 5.9 Scenario Description – Phoenix to Bozeman ................................................................................... 101 5.10 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................... 111 6. Summary of Impacts ........................................................................................ 113 7. References ...................................................................................................... 120 8. Appendices ......................................................................................................... 1 Appendix A – Operational Environment Description ................................................................................ 1 Appendix B. Trajectory-based Operations Automation Functional Flow Diagrams .................... 1 Appendix C. GPS Operational Concept Informational Flow Diagrams ............................................... 1 Appendix D Scenario Aircraft Equipage .......................................................................................................... 1 Appendix E – List of Acronyms ........................................................................................................................... 1 Appendix F. 2018 to 2025 Operational Capabilities and Enablers ...................................................... 1 Appendix G. Summary Table of Performance ............................................................................................... 1 Appendix H. Summary Interference Impacts to Operational Improvements .................................. 1 Appendix I. Time Requirements ......................................................................................................................... 1 Tables and Figures Table 2-1 Existing Aids to Navigation…………………………………………………..10 Table 4-1 Summary of Actions At Time of Interference - Non-DME/DME – Current Environment………………………………………………..16 Table 4-2 Summary of Actions At Time of Interference- DME/DME and DME/DME Inertial Aircraft – Current Environment……………….….24 Table 4-3 Summary of Actions At Time of Interference- Non-DME/DME and Non-DME/DME Inertial Aircraft – NextGen Targeted Environment…………………………………………………………34 Table 4-4 Summary of Actions At Time of Interference- DME/DME and DME/DME Inertial Aircraft – NextGen Targeted Environment………39 Table 4-5 Operational Environment Description………………………………………...46 Table 4-6 Aircraft States…………………………………………………………………50 Table 5-1 General Assumptions