A.N. Severtzov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Australian Museum Research Institute Akvaplan-niva A.V. Rzhavsky, E.K. Kupriyanova, A.V. Sikorski, S. Dahle Calcareous tubeworms (Polychaeta, Serpulidae) of the Arctic Ocean KMK Scientific Press Moscow 2014 Alexander V. Rzhavsky, Elena K. Kupriyanova, Andrei V. Sikorski, Salve Dahle. Calcar- eous tubeworms (Polychaeta, Serpulidae) of the Arctic Ocean. Moscow. KMK Scientific Press, 2014. 191 pp., 1 table, 37 figures, 2 colour plates. The book is a taxonomic guide to serpulid polychaetes (including the subfamily Spirorb- inae) of the Arctic Ocean. Identification keys include 37 serpulid taxa, all of which are de- scribed and illustrated in detail. Taxonomic treatment of species includes discussion of taxo- nomic problems, nomenclatural types, synonyms, and differential diagnoses. Information is also available on species reproduction, ecology, distribution, and habitat and locality. Species illustrations are presented as scanning electron micrographs and light micrographs, as well as line drawings. A comprehensive glossary and literature reference section is included. The study is based on extensive material (more than 600 samples) collected all over the Arctic and deposited in Russia, Iceland, Germany, Norway, and Australia. This fully illustrated laborato- ry guide is intended for invertebrate zoologists, marine ecologists, environmental consult- ants, as well as students and naturalists. Cover photo: A.A. Semenov. Editors: A.V. Rzhavsky, A.N. Severtzov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, Moscow, Russia E.K. Kupriyanova, Australian Museum Research Institute, Sydney, Australia Reviewer: H.A. ten Hove, Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, Leiden, Netherlands ISBN 978-5-87317-988-6 © KMK Scientific Press, 2014. © Akvaplan-niva, 2014. 2 CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................................... 6 General morphology ...................................................................................................... 6 Glossary ....................................................................................................................... 16 The former subfamilies “Serpulinae” and “Filograninae” .......................................... 21 - Practical recommendations for identification of non-spirorbins ............................ 21 - Key to non-spirorbins based on tube morphology ................................................. 22 - Key to non-spirorbins based on specimen morphology ......................................... 24 - Genus Apomatus..................................................................................................... 26 - Apomatus globifer ............................................................................................... 29 - Genus Bathyvermilia .............................................................................................. 29 - Bathyvermilia eliasoni ........................................................................................ 29 - Bathyvermilia islandica ...................................................................................... 31 - Genus Chitinopoma ................................................................................................ 33 - Chitinopoma serrula ........................................................................................... 34 - Genus Ditrupa ........................................................................................................ 36 - Ditrupa arietina .................................................................................................. 37 - Genus Filograna .................................................................................................... 40 - Filograna implexa ............................................................................................... 40 - Genus Hyalopomatus ............................................................................................. 43 - Hyalopomatus claparedii .................................................................................... 44 - Genus Hydroides .................................................................................................... 45 - Hydroides norvegicus ......................................................................................... 46 - Genus Metavermilia ............................................................................................... 49 - Metavermilia arctica ........................................................................................... 49 - Genus Placostegus ................................................................................................. 51 - Placostegus tridentatus ....................................................................................... 52 - Genus Protis ........................................................................................................... 54 - Protis akvaplani .................................................................................................. 54 - Protis arctica ....................................................................................................... 56 - Genus Protula ........................................................................................................ 59 - Protula tubularia................................................................................................. 60 - Genus Serpula ........................................................................................................ 62 - Serpula vermicularis ........................................................................................... 63 - Genus Spirobranchus ............................................................................................. 65 - Spirobranchus triqueter ...................................................................................... 66 Spirorbinae................................................................................................................... 69 - Practical recommendations for identification of spirorbins ................................... 69 - Key to spirorbins .................................................................................................... 70 - Circeini ................................................................................................................... 77 - Genus Circeis ......................................................................................................... 77 4 - Circeis armoricana ............................................................................................. 77 - Circeis spirillum .................................................................................................. 81 - Genus Paradexiospira ............................................................................................ 83 - Subgenus Paradexiospira ...................................................................................... 84 - Paradexiospira (Paradexiospira) violacea ......................................................... 84 - Subgenus Spirorbides ............................................................................................. 86 - Paradexiospira (Spirorbides) cancellata ............................................................ 86 - Paradexiospira (Spirorbides) vitrea ................................................................... 88 - Januini .................................................................................................................... 91 - Genus Janua ........................................................................................................... 92 - Janua heterostropha............................................................................................ 92 - Pileolariini .............................................................................................................. 97 - Genus Bushiella ..................................................................................................... 97 - Subgenus Bushiella ................................................................................................ 98 - Bushiella (Bushiella) barentsii ............................................................................ 98 - Bushiella (Bushiella) evoluta ............................................................................ 101 - Bushiella (Bushiella) verruca ........................................................................... 103 - Subgenus Jugaria ................................................................................................. 106 - Bushiella (Jugaria) acuticostalis ...................................................................... 106 - Bushiella (Jugaria) granulata ........................................................................... 109 - Bushiella (Jugaria) kofiadii .............................................................................. 112 - Bushiella (Jugaria) quadrangularis.................................................................. 114 - Bushiella (Jugaria) similis ................................................................................ 117 - Genus Pileolaria .................................................................................................. 121 - Pileolaria ex gr. berkeleyana ............................................................................ 121 - Genus Protoleodora ............................................................................................