EurAsian Journal of BioSciences Eurasia J Biosci 13, 1755-1762 (2019) Diversity and distribution pattern of Anaphalis sp. (Edelweis) in the Cemoro Sewu Climbing Track in Mount Lawu Magetan, East Java, Indonesia Efri Roziaty 1*, Nur Mela Wijaya 1 1 Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, INDONESIA *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Mount Lawu is one of the many mountains in Java, Indonesia. Mount Lawu is located between Central Java and East Java, Indonesia. Cemoro Sewu is a part of Mount Lawu climbers track. Anaphalis sp. (Edelweis) is one of the most Asteraceae families, the largest family of flowering plants in the mountainous zone. The research analyzed the biodiversity and distribution of Anaphalis sp. (Edelweis) in the Cemoro Sewu climbing track. The research used the exploration method by purposive sampling technique of plot making (5x5 m2 plot/square). This study made of 21 plots. The results showed two species of Anaphalis namely Anaphalis javanica and Anaphalis longifolia. The Important Value Index (IVI) for Anaphalis javanica was 172.7% the highest and Anaphalis longifolia 27.3% was the lowest one. The diversity index of Anaphalis was 0.102, it was relatively low. The distribution patterns of Anaphalis sp. were aggregate, it also influenced by climate and humidity of habitat. Keywords: Diversity, Distribution Patterns, Mount Lawu, Anaphalis, Cemoro Sewu Roziaty E, Wijaya NM (2019) Diversity and distribution pattern of Anaphalis sp. (Edelweis) in the Cemoro Sewu Climbing Track in Mount Lawu Magetan, East Java, Indonesia. Eurasia J Biosci 13: 1755-1762. © 2019 Roziaty and Wijaya This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. INTRODUCTION environmental conditions. Organisms in a place are interdependent, and if an organism interrupts or some The biodiversity in Indonesian is known to be the environmental factors affect the whole community. highest in the world. This is due to Indonesia’s location Research that has been carried out in several places in in the equatorial, making it the center of world North Sumatra Province, Samosir Regency, Toba biodiversities of flora and fauna. Anaphalis sp. (or Samosir Regency, and Karo Regency which generally Edelweiss, the local language) is one of the shrub plants dominates the Anaphalis longifolia (Blume.) Population that grow in the highlands, this plant is a typical mountain (Prakarsa et al. 2018). Another organism, on Mount plant (Prakasa et al. 2016). Anaphalis population in Papandayan, West Java which is threatened in its Indonesia is still quite large, especially on Java and habitat (Sulistyawati et al. 2017). Many local people near Sumatra. the forest exploitation this plants in several places in Anaphalis is a member of herbaceous and woody Indonesia for their regional ceremonial equipment flowering plants in the Asteraceae family. Asteraceae is (Pramita et al. 2013). one of the largest family of flowering plants in the Flora Mount Lawu is one of the mountains on Java Island Malesiana region (Tjitrosoedirdjo, 2002) where the with an altitude reaching 3.265 m. asl (above sea level). characteristics of plants in this family have a wide Mount Lawu located between three districts namely distribution starting from Europe and America to Asia Ngawi Regency (East Java), Magetan Regency (East (Chanchani et al. 2007). Java), and Karanganyar Regency (Central Java), Anaphalis have special characteristics, one of which Indonesia. This mountain has biodiversity, both flora, has a distinctive odor and can last a long time after being and fauna. To reach the top of Mount Lawu can be picked, so it is widely used by the community as a through the Cemoro Sewu climbing track. Cemoro Sewu souvenir from the mountain (Sulistyawati et al. 2017). is still favorite for climbers all over the area in Java. One Ecological distribution pattern of Anaphalis that is of the typical mountain plants found on Mount Lawu is random, regular/uniform and grouped/aggregate (Amaral et al. 2015). The pattern of the plant distribution in a community referred to the spatial distribution of Received: August 2019 these plants in an ecosystem (Roziaty 2019). The Accepted: October 2019 pattern of distribution of vegetation is closely related to Printed: November 2019 1755 EurAsian Journal of BioSciences 13: 1755-1762 (2019) Roziaty and Wijaya Fig. 1. Map of the research location on the Cemoro Sewu Magetan climbing track in Magetan, East Java, Indonesia Anaphalis (Edelweis) found at an altitude of around Tools and Materials 2.800 m.asl to 3.000 m asl. The tools used in this study were large and small This study aims to: 1) determine the species of meter rollers, cameras, stationery, Thermo hygrometer, Anaphalis in Cemoro Sewu climbing track Magetan East altimeter, the plastic of various sizes to accommodate Java Indonesia; 2) assessing the diversity and specimens, sprayers, several bamboo pegs measuring distribution patterns of Anaphalis on Mount Lawu, around 20-30 cm long, GPS, raffia rope, cutter, soil especially in the Cemoro Sewu border crossing between tester to measure pH and soil moisture. The material the Karanganyar District of Central Java and Magetan used in this study was Anaphalis sp. vegetation on the Regency in East Java. Cemoro Sewu Magetan climbing track in Magetan, East Java, Indonesia. The tools used in this study were large MATERIALS AND METHODS and small meter rollers, cameras, stationery, Thermo This research is located on the Cemoro Sewu hygrometer, altimeter, the plastic of various sizes to Magetan Climbing track East Java starting from Post 1 accommodate specimens, sprayers, several bamboo to Post 5 (Fig. 1). The climbing path of Cemoro Sewu pegs measuring around 20-30 cm long, GPS, raffia rope, Gunung Lawu, which is at an altitude of 2.600, 2.800 and cutter, soil tester to measure pH and soil moisture. The 3.000 m asl. Research using exploration methods in material used in this study was Anaphalis sp. vegetation determining the sampling point using a purposive on the Cemoro Sewu Magetan climbing track in sampling technique by making 5 x 5 m2 square plots as Magetan, East Java, Indonesia. a totally of 21 plots in that research area. This study Biodiversity of Anaphalis recorded and took samples of Anaphalis at various The stages in the sampling were carried out in elevation levels called Station. There were 3 Stations in several stages: 1) stage one, determining the sampling three levels of topography. Furthermore, the location (sampling point) using the exploration method determination of specimens was carried out at the through field observation, the next step make 5x5 m2 Laboratory of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher square plot as a totally 21 plots. Plot position placed on Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah 3 different stations according to the topography level. Surakarta, Central Java. Identification was carried out to The difference in plot position based on height obtain biodiversity data in the form of the Diversity Index differences was at an altitude of 2.600; 2.800 until 3.200 and the distribution patterns of Anaphalis. m above sea level (asl) every Station contains 7 plots square. Then, recorded types and quantities of 1756 EurAsian Journal of BioSciences 13: 1755-1762 (2019) Roziaty and Wijaya Fig. 2. Anaphalis javanica type Edelweiss commonly found on the Cemoro Sewu Magetan climbing track in Magetan, East Java, Indonesia; a) individual Anaphalis javanica shrubs habitus; b) elongated leaves; c) Anaphalis javanica flowers Anaphalis found along with the location. Abiotic factors upper leaves (1.2-1.5 cm long) while the lower part were one of the important components to record, such grows bigger (4-6 cm), 3-5 veins with or without stems. as the temperature, humidity, tendency to distribution The yellow flowers appear in the center of the disc- patterns. Specimens of Anaphalis from the research shaped flower with white bracteal, flowering from July to area were brought to the campus laboratory. After October. getting the key to the determination of Anaphalis then Edelweiss diversity of Anaphalis sp. on the Cemoro proceed with analyzing the Important Value Index (IVI). Sewu Magetan climbing track showed that there were Furthermore, the next step calculated the diversity index two species found, namely Anaphalis javanica (Fig. 2) using the Shannon Wiener Diversity Index formulas. and Anaphalis longifolia (Fig. 3). Distribution Pattern of Anaphalis The key to the determination of Anaphalis javanica After recording the 5x5 m2 square plots, and then is: continue to analysis of the distribution pattern of 1b, 2a, 3a, 4b, 12b, 13b, 14a, 17b, 18b, 19b, 20b, Anaphalis sp. was done spatially using the calculation 21b, 22b, 23b, 24b, 25b, 26b, 27b, 799a method using the Morisita Index formulas. ………………………………….. Family 166. Asteraceae. 1b, 3a, 4b, 5a, 6a, 7b, 9b, 11b, 12b, 13a RESULT AND DISCUSSION ………..………………………….… Genus 33. Anaphalis. 1a, 2a ……………..…… Species Anaphalis javanica. Determination of Anaphalis Based on the identification of Edelweis plants on the Species Description Anaphalis javanica commonly referred to as Cemoro Sewu climbing track of Mount Lawu, Magetan, Javanese Edelweis was found in the form of white hairy East Java, there were 2 species of Anaphalis. Both of shrubs such as velvet, thick branching, often crooked them were the member of the Asteraceae family, with an average height of 1-3 meters with a stem the size flowering plants group. Morphologically the members of of a wrist (Fig. 2a). The leaves were dry, leafy white the Asteraceae family had characteristics of scattered or gray, crouched, at the upper end there are narrow leaves single-faced leaves. Flowers in small chunks with that gather and bulbs of white flowers are abundant, bandage leaves, often in the same lump there were two including compound flowers, with ribbon flowers on the kinds of flowers, namely tubular disc flowers and ribbon- edge and the place where the disc flowers were yellow shaped flower edges, including broad-leafed weeds, and (Fig.