Bilateral COMENIUS project Charlemagne college (The Netherlands) Urola Ikastola Azkoitia-Azpeitia BHI (The Basque Country) Clothes, sports, leisure, music, games, social events, beliefs, religion... WHERE DID PEOPLE LIVE A 100 YEARS AGO? IN FARMS OR IN TOWNS? •People lived in farms and lived on agriculture in the Nothern Basque Country. •In other parts of the Basque Country the people lived on agriculture as well and lived in villages. WHO LIVED IN TOWNS? •At the end of 19th century, the economy boosted. •People from Spain moved to the Baque Country. •The population raised in the towns. •In bigger cities the population hugely grew. •Flat houses were built for the immigrates, and those people integrated. •In bigger cities the immigrants didn´t integrate so easily. •Some companies rented their houses to their workers and provided them with necessities. •The houses where the immigrants lived were often slums. •Another immigration wave happened, and the people from Spain formed their own suburbs. •In some areas the immigrants became a majority. •Basque was banned by the Spanish government and the language came to a critical point of extinction. •Nowadays most Basque people live in flats, and the Basque and Spanish people live in the same areas. •In smaller towns the Basque culture is clearly showing in everyday activities, but Spanish and French are still dominant. •The construction boom and financial bubble. •Not particularly big apartments can easily cost over € 300,000 and it´s hard for young people to buy a flat. •Yet another wave of immigrants arrived in the Basque Country at the end of the 20th century. •These immigrants settled in different areas depending on their legal satus. •Those without papers have often rented flats in some old rundown houses. They often lived with too many people in one flat. •Some immigrants like Southern Americans have integrated better because they speak English. •There is a risk of these immigrant population to concentrate in suburbs forming ghettos. FARM TOWN •All in all, Basque population is mainly urban. •Nowadays, people can´t live OFF OF the farm, they have to find work in the town. •Nowadays, people don´t earn enough money. FAMILIES AND WEDDINGS •When did they used to get married? 1910 2011 •Were there some couples that didn´t get married a 100 years ago? •How many members used to be in a family? 100 years ago Now Sunday was their only free day. They spent their time going to church, going to “erromeria”s, playing cards, playing sports, meeting family and friends, just talking… In these “erromeria”s people used to meet friends and dance in the open air helped by “txistu” or “trikiti”. People used to listen to the Basque traditional music, “trikitixa” and “txistu”, and sometimes to the church choire. It was a tradition to sing “bertso”s after celebration dinners. There were, and are, also “bertso” competitions. PELOTA Pelota was and is a very popular sport. They played pelota in “Frontoi txiki”. “Frontoi txiki” -- Before “Frontoi txiki” -- Now HERRI KIROLAK (Rural Sports) “Sokamuturra” was a way of entertainment which was celebrated during festivals. 1910 2010 People were very fond of the “bertsolariak”: very popular bards who improvised either witty or profound verses on a topic (serious, scornful, criticizing or just kidding) and always fitting the message to a melody, mesure and rhyme given afew seconds before starting singing. A the beginnig of the century Nowadays Maialen Singing in the Lujanbio ciderhouse Joxe Manuel Lujanbio “Txirrita” XX. Century One hundred years ago…Nowadays… 1-. Poor people 1-. Everybody has Similar or identical -Weekdays clothes clothes -Weekends clothes 2-. Everyday different clothes 3-. Brands 2-. Rich people 4-. Urban cultures. -Everyday elegant and similar clothes FESTIVALS 100 year back IN THE PAST 1- Different feeling. 2- Weddings, Christenings… 3- Monotony IN THE PRESENT 1- It is not a special day 2- Some festivals have not got importance. NOW For 2 thousand gulden jewelry stolen Brake-inn on the Nachtegaallaan During the absence of the residents, burglars have broke in jn a house at the Nachtegaallaan. By braking a window at the frontdoor they could open the door easily, because it wasn’t locked with the nightlock. The hole house was searched and ransacked. They found 100 guilder cash and jewerly for 200 guilders. This is a golden necless, a briljant brooche, a golden watch and some rings. They have no trace of the perpetrator. 2011 Maastricht MAASTRICHT- The art and antiques fair Tefaf in Maastricht is this year again the victim of robbery. The day after it was discovered that jewelry was stolen. When the robbery was dicoveredthere was immediately more security and nobody was allowed to go in or out. The police couldn’t tell anything about which jewelry were missing and how much they are worth. Also on the offender the police could give no information. Last year the fair was already by robbery. They went with a ring and a pendant off worth 860,000 euro’s Art and Knowledge Jan Gregoire, the painter and writer from Maastricht. P.A. Kerstens Family Motherhood Female figure in hot blue Mother and Child Art in house Art is very personal Show who you are Art speaks Art shows something of yourself Our article is about: Cinema Cinema 1934: “Leise flehen meine lieder” Popularity Good movie http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EoEo H79Qi4s&feature=fvst Cinema 2011: Royal theaters heerlen Look of the cinema Movies shown tonight: -Nova Zembla -The Help New Years rhyme New Years rhyme 1933: Saturday night ball Celebration dinner Firework New Years rhyme 2011: New Years eve Celebration dinner Firework The end!!! Are there any questions? RELIGION, BELIEFS AND SUPERSTITIONS Years ago in the Basque country the religion had an extreme importance. All the family used to go to the church on Sundays, they used to confess and they prayed every day the rosary . Besides, in many families the sons and daughters used to be friars and monks and this was a pride. They were taught since they were babies to believe and all their life was in the way of the religion and superstitions. For example they didn´t live or have sex with their partners before they got married. The religion was a way to answer the things that they didn´t understand. In small towns for example Azpeitia, we have 5 churches ( Esklabak, parrokia, Olatz , Jesus Maria, Frantzizkanak )and the famous Loiola church. So this is a good example of the importance of the religions. Frantzizkanak Parrokia Esklabak Olatz Loiola Loiola is a sanctuary which is in Azpeitia (Gipuzkua). Its architecture is baroque and it was designed by Carlo Fontana (who designed a very important church of Italy, similar of Loiola) but other architects changed the first design like the architect Inazio Ibero. They started building it in the XVII century, in honor of the saint Ignazio of Loiola because he was born there. When the saint Inazio died in Italy, the sanctuary became very important and in the year 1610 more, because Inazio was appointed patron saint of Azpeitia. Inazio The first stone was put in 1689 and It was definitely finished in 1888. The church form is round, and the other pieces of the sanctuary right angled. We can say that Loiola is the most important church and construction of Azpeitia. This year the percentage of the Tourists tourist has gone up a lot of. So we invite you to come and see the magnificent Loiola and our town. Religious ceremonies People in my town always have made the communion when they are 9 years old. When the priest say "This is my body", and gave them the cup, saying, "This is my blood". After that time they are part of the religion. In this ceremony children wear smart white clothes and they have lunch with their family. In the period of life when two people are united in marrige because they love each other and they want to live together forever. This ceremony that it can be religional according to their beliefs is called wedding and it has always been very common in our town. Wedding Weddings in the past traditions and customs vary greatly between cultures, ethnic groups, religions and social classes. Most wedding ceremonies involve an exchange of wedding vows by the couple, presentation of a gift (offering, rings, symbolic item, flowers, money), Weddings nowadays Other beliefs from the Basque Country People from the Basque Country have always had some beliefs which are usually associated with the natural phenomena. This beliefs are based in some figures: One main figure of this belief system was the female character of Mari. According to legends collected in the area of Ataun. She was married to the god Sugar. Legends connect her to the weather that when she and the god Sugar travelled together hail would fall, that her departures from her cave would be accompanied by storms or droughts, that which cave she lived in at different times would determine dry or wet weather: wet when she was in Anboto, dry when she was elsewhere. Basajaun is a huge, hairy creature dwelling in the woods who protects flocks of livestock and teaches skills such as agriculture and ironworking to humans. -Lamiak live in the river. They are very beautiful, and stay at the shore combing their long hair with a golden comb and they charm men. They have duck feet. In the coast some believed that there were "itsaslamiak" who had fish tail in the sea. Lamiak help those who give them presents by providing them with help at work; if a farmer left them food at the river shore, they would eat it at night and in exchange would finish the work he had left unploughed.