The Church in the Modern World (1400 A.D. - Present) The Dam Breaks: Reform and Renewal The Avignon Papacy 1309-1378 A.D. St. Catherine of Siena 1347-1380 A.D. Catherine to Pope Gregory XI: “Be a man” Jan Hus 1369-1415 A.D. Why Burning at the Stake? Opposite of Baptism – removal from community Total destruction of the heretic – no relics Mirrors the expected afterlife punishment: Hell Johann Gutenberg Invents the Printing Press c. 1453 A.D. Before the Printing Press? Ferdinand of Spain Isabella of Spain 1452-1516 A.D. 1451-1504 A.D. Spanish Reconquest The Spanish Inquisition 1478-1834 A.D. Torquemada Christopher Columbus 1451-1506 A.D. Hernan Cortes Conquers Mexico 1485-1547 A.D. St. Juan Diego & Our Lady of Guadalupe December 9-12, 1531 A.D. Francisco Pizarro Conquers Peru 1475-1541 A.D. Spanish Atrocities in the New world St. Bartolome de Las Casas 1474-1566 A.D. Renaissance 1300-1600 A.D. Birth of Venus Botticelli (1486) The Last Supper Leonardo da Vinci (1498) Mona Lisa Leonardo da Vinci (1503) David Michelangelo (1504) The School of Athens Raphael (1511) Renaissance Papacy Pope Alexander VI Pope Julius II Pope Leo X (1492-1503) (1503-1513) (1513-1521) Sexually and politically “Warrior Pope” paid for Materialistic Medici corrupt Borgia pope Sistine Chapel art pope sold indulgences Savonarola’s “Bonfire of the Vanities” – 1497 Papal Interdict on Florence, 1498 Pope Leo X r. 1513-1521 A.D. “Power corrupts; absolute power corrupts absolutely” Johann Tetzel: the Pope’s Indulgence-seller 1465-1519 A.D. • “…complete absolution and remission of all sins…” • “…preferential treatment for their future sins…” • “…the passports to lead the human soul to the celestial joys of Paradise.” • “…the Pope has the power in heaven and earth to forgive that sin, and if he forgives it, God must do so also.” Martin Luther 1483-1546 A.D. Luther Posts His 95 Theses October 31, 1517 Luther Burns Writ of Excommunication December, 1520 .