Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82096-7 - The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity Edited by Daniel Patte Frontmatter More information THE CAMBRIDGE DICTIONARY OF CHRISTIANITY The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity is an authoritative reference guide that enables students, their teachers, Christian clergy, and general readers alike to reflect critically upon all aspects of Christianity from its origins to the present day. Written by a team of 828 scholars and practitioners from around the world, the volume reflects the plurality of Christianity throughout its history. Key features of The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity: r Provides a survey of the history of Christianity in the world, on each continent, and in each nation r Offers a presentation of the Christian beliefs and practices of all major Christian traditions r Highlights the different understandings of Christian beliefs and practices in different historical, cultural, religious, denominational, and secular contexts r Includes entries on methodology and the plurality of approaches that are used in the study of Christianity r Respects each Christian tradition by providing self-presentations of Christianity in each country or Christian tradition r Includes clusters of entries on beliefs and practices, each examining the understanding of a given Christian belief or practice in different historical and contemporary contexts r Presents the relationship and interaction of Christianity with other religious traditions in the world r Provides, on a Web site (http://hdl.handle.net/1803/3906), a full bibliography covering all topics discussed in the signed articles of this volume Daniel Patte is Professor of Religious Studies and Professor of New Tes- tament and Early Christianity at Vanderbilt University. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82096-7 - The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity Edited by Daniel Patte Frontmatter More information THE CAMBRIDGE DICTIONARY OF CHRISTIANITY Editor DANIEL PATTE Vanderbilt University © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82096-7 - The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity Edited by Daniel Patte Frontmatter More information CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao˜ Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo, Mexico City Cambridge University Press 32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10013-2473, USA www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521527859 C Cambridge University Press 2010 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2010 Printed in the United States of America A catalog record for this publication is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication data The Cambridge dictionary of Christianity / edited by Daniel Patte. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-521-82096-7 (hardback) – ISBN 978-0-521-52785-9 (pbk.) 1. Christianity – Dictionaries. I. Patte, Daniel. II. Title: Dictionary of Christianity. BR95.C24 2010 230.003 – dc22 2009019272 ISBN 978-0-521-82096-7 Hardback ISBN 978-0-521-52785-9 Paperback Additional resources for this publication at http://hdl.handle.net/1803/3906 Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party Internet Web sites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such Web sites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82096-7 - The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity Edited by Daniel Patte Frontmatter More information CONTENTS Editorial Board page vii Area Editors and Advisors ix Contributors xi Preface by Daniel Patte xlv Acknowledgments lxi Abbreviations lxv Dictionary 1 For a comprehensive bibliography, see http://hdl.handle.net/1803/3906. v © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82096-7 - The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity Edited by Daniel Patte Frontmatter More information EDITORIAL BOARD Ana Marıa´ Bidegain, CEHILA; Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota;´ Florida International University, Miami, USA Enrique Dussel, CEHILA; Universidad Autonoma´ Metropolitana, Mexico Cristina Grenholm, Director of Theology and Ecumenical Relations, Church of Sweden; Karlstad University, Sweden Beverly W. Harrison, Union Theological Seminary, New York, USA Kwok Pui-lan, Episcopal Divinity School, Boston, USA Archie Chi Chung Lee, Chung Chi College, Chinese University of Hong Kong, China Kathleen E. McVey, Princeton Theological Seminary, USA Vasile Mihoc, Facultatea de Teologie “Andrei Saguna,” Sibiu University, Romania Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, University of Nairobi, Kenya Isabel Apawo Phiri, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa Eugene TeSelle, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA vii © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82096-7 - The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity Edited by Daniel Patte Frontmatter More information AREA EDITORS AND ADVISORS Jean-Noel¨ Aletti, SJ, Pontifical Biblical Institute, Rome, Italy: Roman Catholicism Ian Breward, University of Melbourne, Australia: Australasia; Australia and South Pacific James P. Byrd, Vanderbilt University, USA: North America, History Noriel Capulong, Silliman University, Philippines: Philippines Elizabeth A. Clark, Duke University, USA: Women in the History of Christian Thought Valentin Dedji, St. Mark’s Methodist Church, London, UK: Western Africa (Francophone) Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Comissao˜ de Estudos de Historia´ da Igreja na America´ Latina e no Caribe (CEHILA), Brasil: Brazil Ramathate T. H. Dolamo, UNISA, Pretoria, South Africa: Southern Africa Noel Leo Erskine, Emory University, USA: Caribbean Islands, Ethics, and Theology George Thomas Kurian, Reference Books, New York, USA: Statistics (Christians in each nation) Armando Lampe, Comision´ de Estudios de Historia de la Iglesia en Latinoamerica´ (CEHILA), Universidad de Quintana Roo, Mexico: Caribbean Islands, History Marjorie Lewis, United Theological College of the West Indies; former General Secretary of the Jamaica Council of Churches (area editor following the untimely death of Lewin Williams): Jamaica and Jamaican Theology Frank D. Macchia, Vanguard University, USA: Charismatic Movement and Pentecostalism Fortunato Mallimaci, Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Laborales, Argentina: Southern Latin America Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Vanderbilt University, USA: Family and Children; Pastoral Theology Nektarios Morrow, Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America: Eastern Orthodoxy Gerald O’Collins, SJ, The Pontifical Gregorian University, Italy: Roman Catholicism Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, Silliman University, Philippines: Philippines and Women in Asia Peter Paris, Princeton Theological Seminary, USA: Poverty; Racism Keith F. Pecklers, SJ, Pontifical Gregorian University, Italy: Roman Catholic Liturgy Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Holy See of Etchmiadzin, Armenia: Oriental Orthodoxy; Non-Chalcedonian Churches ix © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82096-7 - The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity Edited by Daniel Patte Frontmatter More information AREA EDITORS AND ADVISORS Marıa´ Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Universidad Autonoma´ del Estado de Morelos, Mexico; Comision´ de Estudios de Historia de la Iglesia en Latinoamerica´ (CEHILA), Mexico: Mexico Fernando F. Segovia, Vanderbilt University, USA: Latino/a Christianity and Theology Karel Steenbrink, Utrecht University, Netherlands: Islam and Christianity Elsa Tamez, Universidad B´ıblica Latinoamericana, Costa Rica; United Bible Societies, Colombia: Central America and Latin American Theology Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Archbishop of America, Primate of the Greek (Eastern) Orthodox Church in America, USA: Eastern Orthodoxy Justin Ukpong, Veritas University Abuja, Nigeria: Western Africa (Anglophone) Andrew Walls, Centre for the Study of Christianity in the Non-Western World, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, and Akrofi Christaller Memorial Centre, Ghana: Mission Patricia A. Ward, Vanderbilt University, USA: Literature, the Bible, and Christianity Paul Zamora, Greek Orthodox, Archdiocese of America, USA: Eastern Orthodoxy x © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82096-7 - The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity Edited by Daniel Patte Frontmatter More information CONTRIBUTORS Rose Teteki Abbey, Presbyterian Church, Ghana: God, African View K. C. Abraham, Tainan Theological Seminary, India: Eschatology and Apocalypticism in Asia; Liberation Theologies in Asia; Poverty, Asian View; Racism in Asia; South India, Church David Tuesday Adamo, Delta State University, Nigeria: African Religion and Bible LeRoy H. Aden, Lutheran Theological Seminary, USA: Compassion; Death, Bible, Patristic Views; Death, North American View Efrain Agosto, Hartford Theological Seminary, USA: Jesus, Latino/a View; Philippians Victor Aguilan, Silliman University, Philippines: Church and State in Philippines; Evangelicals/Evangelicalism in Philippines Gillian T. W. Ahlgren,