E EFFIGTH ALEXANDEF YO R STEWART EAR BUCHAF LO LORD AN BADENOCNF D O H (?i343- ? . NORMANV . bA y , B.A., F.S.A.SCOT. THE effigy of Alexander Stewart has already been published in Volume xxix (1894-5) °f these Proceedings in a general study of Scottish effigies by Robert Brydall, F.S.A.SCOT. Since that date the study of armour has advanced considerably and a reassessment of this figure in the light of more recent knowledge may be of value in estimating the dates of a number of other Scottish effigies of the fifteenth century, where heraldr inscriptionyor s faius. l It lies on an altar tomb behind the screen of the communion table at the east end choie of th Dunkel f ro d cathedral parise th w h churchno ,grey-gree s i d an , n marble, kine th df o quarrie e saib o d t Gle n di n Til Atholn ti l unti lase lth t centur used yan d for fireplaces bascinee e th heee th f . lonth f o e figur ft o l o p g7 t Th t . to s froei e mth left foot .XVIII L (figP d . an )i The effigy today consists of four pieces, broken at the neck, waist, knees and ankles. The right foot is entirely missing and the left from the instep down. The left shoulde elbod an ralse war o broken havd offan e been replace shouldee th y d b an r elbow of a much smaller sandstone effigy of which these are the only traces. The face has suffered considerably, probably at the same time that the effigy was broken, which is thought to have been in 1560 at the Reformation.1 The inscription runs 'HIC JACET ALEXANDER SENESCALUS, FILIUS ROBERTI REGIS SCOTORUM ET ELIZABETH MORE, DOMINU BADENACHE D BUCHA E S D DN T N E QUI OBIIT VINGESIMO QUARTOE DI JULII:* The words italicised are cut with a rather narrower line than those preceding them, stonee th whicn d so an t are hr were cu o the, e yar ,maie fixeth no t d sla iroy bb n staples. It is therefore possible that this part of the inscription is a restoration. The date of death is wrong as the Wolf probably died between the end of 1404 and the beginning of 1405. An attempt has been made to attribute this effigy to other Alexander Stewarts strengte e th restoratio th n f o inscriptione o h th f o n . However unquestionee th , d evidenc descriptioe th f eo parentagf no e seem leavo st Wole eth possessionn fi . The head rests on two pillows placed one on top of the other ; the lower is parallel tombe edgee t oth uppeth e f th so , r lying diagonall them o yt bodye Th . , which lies 1 New Stat. Ace., Perthshire, 976. 8 This readin fros gi m Rogers , MonumentsC. , and Monumental Inscriptions of Scotland (London, 1872), n, 159. He read BADENOCH, but this, on inspection, proved to be BADENACH. THE EFFIGY OF ALEXANDER STEWART IO5 on a cloak, is quite straight, as are the legs. The hands are in the position of prayer on the breast, but most unusually the left hand is placed palm downwards on the right hand which is palm upwards. The effigy lies on a large chest tomb which is surrounded by twenty-two weepers all in armour, eight at each side and three at each end. They stand each under a three-arch dividee canopar froe d dmyon an anothe smaly b r l buttresses. grea a hea e n i Th ts d i bascine hazel-nuf to t shape, with pointed sligh a skul d tlan keel down the front. On either side are hinges for a removable visor. A large bevor is rivete skule threth y b lo d t e rivet eacn so h side. Ther gorgea s ei t consistina f go back and front plate riveted together by one rivet at each side. These rivets probably als oskulle plateo attacth tw o ,st e thuhth s formin singlga e defence e gorgeTh . t plates curve down ove brease th rbackd an t . Beneataventain a s maia i t r hi o l l fringe e skule edgth f Th l o e brof .trefoil plat o th ws decoratet i w ea sro a y db presumably representing a latten edge. In fact, only two remain on the right side, the rest are entirely worn away. shape Th thif eo s bascine transitionas i t l betwee fourteenth-centure nth y 'Inter- national' type wit aventaififteenth-centurn e ha th d an l y great bascinet;e thath s i t skull is high and pointed and is not drawn in towards the neck but quite vertical, and bevoe gorgeth d an r t plate smallef so follot no outline raventaie we th th ar f eo d an l diameter than the skull. Bascinets of this type occur on English brasses as early as 1400, on the brass of William Lord d'Eresby at Spilsby (Lines.)1 and continue until 1418 on the brass of Sir Thomas de St Quinton at Harpham (Yorks.).2 An actual example exists in the Musee de 1'Armee at Paris (No. H. 243). It has a typical pointed visor which, when closed, falls withi e uppeth n re gorget th edg f o e , thus preventing a weapon point from catching under the visor edge and throwing it up. decoratioe Th helmee broe th th f wf o no t with cusp trefoild san paralleles si n do the brass of Lord Camoys at Trotton (Sussex) c. 1419,* but the fashion can be traced effige bac th Lorf o yo kt d Montacut Salisburn ei y Cathedral . is88.d , It is uncertain whether the mail whic5 h appears beneath the edge of the gorget plate effigien so thif o s s perio fac n i aventain s a dti lskule fixeth lo d t plat mera r eo e fringe attache gorgee th o dt t plates. Mail seems alway havo st e been worn undee th r great bascine n Scotlandi t t appeari ;e shoulder th n o s f effigieo s t Cupaa s d an r Ceres, bot whicf ho h wea secone rth d typ greaf eo t bascine tpointe w witlo ha d skull and a gorget which follows the contours of head and neck much more closely. It also appears in the bascinets which are shown on a group of Scottish effigies of the middle of the century under the head of the deceased, for instance that of Sir Alexander Irvine of Drum, St Nicholas Church, Aberdeen. In this case the fringe 1 Illustrate Cataloguee Th dn i of Rubbings of Brasses and Incised VictoriaSlabse th n i and Albert Museum (London, 1929), PI. n, fig. i. Illustrate Bouquetn di . C.A , , Church Brasses (London, 1956), fig. 21. 32 Illustrated Laking, Sir Guy, A Record of European Armour and Arms (London, 1920), i, fig. 292, and also Robert , CatalogueL. , composant te Musee d'Artillerie (Paris, 1889-93), . PI26 . 1 Illustrated in The Catalogue of Rubbings of Brasses and Incised Slabs in the Victoria and Albert Museum, PI. 15, %-3- s Illustrated Stothard Monumental e . A.C ,Th , Effigies of Great Britain (London, 1817), . PI94 . I06 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, 1958-59 aventaif iso l proportion insid p fixed u neckr e san edfa th . These e bascinetth f o e sar type on the armour of Frederick the Victorious at Vienna. 1 e leftTh shoulde e Wolth f fo r effig s brokei y e defenc e righth n th t off f tbu o e, shoulde advancef o s ri d formpare Th t. visible unde maie rth l consist upwardx si f so - overlapping cylindrica e cover e shouldeon poine th p th s lf to lameso d t e an r Th . defends the top of the 'defaut' of the breastplate by a small rectangular projection at right angles to the rest of the plate. Below this lame, which is the widest, are four narrow lames which encircle the outer three-quarters of the arm, and are riveted to thesf o o e eac lametw thire p pard hth fronto e f dothesan back d o te th an t t a Th r. pass unde rectangularthe r projectiolame lowestop The . the t lamnof alleof , which is slightly wider than the four above it, is hinged to a narrow lame which encircles the inside of the arm. The lowest lame is rather wider at its extremities than at its centre e shouldeTh . r defenc t boxeno s ei d dow centre platese nth th f eo . (SeL eP XVIII, a). e shouldeTh r defenc r pauldrona vero e n yi s experimentawa , le stagth t a e beginning e fifteentth f o n examinatio ha e see b centuryy nb n ca s f a Englis,no h effigies and brasses of that period. On brasses up to that of Sir Nicholas Hawberk, 1407 t Cobhaa , m (Kent), shouldee th usualls ri y defended onl fouy yb r small lames covering just the poin2t of the shoulder. (See fig. 2, b.) A small round or oval besaque is added to this over the 'defaut' c. 1410, on the brass of Robert de Frevile at Little Shelford (Cambs.).3 By 1416 on the brass of Sir Symon Felbrygge, K.G., at Felbrigg (Norfolk) numbee th lamef o r bees sha n increase nino dthet d ean y extend almost half-way 4down the upper arm.