-f GEOLO(;IG\I, SUR\E_ ()i NEW JI!RSEY. :\XNIAL x,:J t,I O[ FIIP, STATE (;E()Ig)GIST, FOR T]_E YEA_ _882. (''M] IN '.,J ]889 NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEOLOGICALSURVEYOF NEW JERSEY. tt ANNUALREPORT OF THE STATE GEOLOGIST, r FOR THE YEAR t882. -- +---._ m CAMDEN, N, J : PRINTED BY F. F, PATTERSON. 18_2. NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BOARD OF MANAGERS. 'P o His Excellency GEORGE C. LUDLOW, Governor, and ez o_do Pre6ident of the Board .....................................................Trenton. I. CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT. CHARLES E. ELMER, Esq..........................................................Bridgeton. Hox. CLEMENT B'.SIS_'ICKSON ...................................................Salem. II, CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT. HON. WILLIAm PARRY ........._.............."..................................... Cinnaminson. Ho_. H. S. LITTLZ ..................................................................Trenton• IIL CONORESSIONAL DISTRICT, Hzs_r AITKIN, Esq .............................................................. Elizabeth. HoN. Ws. l[. HE_DRICES0_ ..................................................... Mlddletowu. IV. CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT. SELDEN T. _CRA_TON, ESq ........................................ ................. Oxford. T_o_As LAWRSNCZ, Esq ..........................................................Hamburg. V. CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, Ho_'. AUOUSTUS W. CUTLER ......................................................Morristown. COL, BENJAMIN _YCRIGG ..........................................................Passaic. VL CONO RESSIONA L eDISTRICT. WILLIA_ M. FORCZ, Esq .........................................................Newark• THOMAS T. K_xNzr, Esq ..........................................................Newark. VII• CONORESSIONAL DISTRICT. BZNJA_IN G. CLARKE, Esq .................................................._.....JerseyCity. Ws. W. SHIPPE_, Esq .............................................................Hoboken. GEOLOGISTS. _EORGE H, COOK, STATE GEOLO(IlST ............................................ New Brunswick. JOHN C. S_OCK, AS31STANT G EOLO(I IST......................................... _ew" Brunswick." NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Nr;w BROSSWtCK, Deeemher 12th, 1882. lb l:Iia Excellency George C: Lt*dlow, Go,'e,'no," of the State of 2Vew Jersey, and ex ojjieio 1)re.sident of _he Bo_tl'd of Managers of lhe __ StaleGeological Survey : Sll_--I have the honor herewith '.) suhmlt my amuud re|v.wt .as Slate Geologist tbr the year 1882. With high respee h Y,,nr obedient serw_nt, GEe. H. COOK, State Geologist. NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY • REPORT. o The Geological Survey of" tilt State h_ been continued through the :,'car, and its work has been, as heretofore, to develop m_d make public the natural products and resources of New Jersey. The amount of work which has been done is here arranged under the I following heads : ]. The Uniied States Coast and Geodetic Survey of Sew Jersey. ..... II. k'opographical Surveys. II 1. Geologk=l Work in Progress : 1. Red Sandstone District. 2 Eruptive Rbeks of Sussex County. 3. Iron Mines and ,Mining Industries. 4. Pleat,it Clays and their Uses. 5. Shore Changes. IX'. Se_ide Developments. V. Climatic Peculiarities. _'1. Agricultural D_-elopment in Southern zN_ewJersey. V]I. Drainage. VIII. Water Supply. IX. Statistics of Ores, Clays and Clay Products, and Lime. X. Publialtions. t XI. Expenses. XII. Persons Employed. X[] I. "5_ork to be Done--Plan tbr the Co:ning Year. (7) NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 8 ANNUAL REPORT OF I° 'r THE UNITEDSTATES COASTAND GEODETIC SURVEY. | The operethm_ for determining with aeduracy the latitudes and longitudes ,ff marktrl and conspicuous points in tile diflhrent sections of the St:m, have l_en tx)ntinued during the sedan just closed. Tile progre*s mad,, has I_,en very satistMtorv. The condition of tile atmosl)here has been thvorable fiw nmking accurate observationsaad, I tin,re than an ;tvemg'e amount of work has been accomplished during the y.ar. TIw a,'_'onq)anying nmp shows the lomtion of the points whi('h have he.u ,_,'enpied and observed upon. Tile)" are marked in full red lines. Tho_e which are not yet completed are made ill dotted red lira,-. Thv p,,rti.ns of tile State not marked are still unsurveycd. Up to this tim,, there have been occupied : II primary slat|ms (new). 15 pritaary st_tmn_ (old'. 45 tertiary _tltioa_ new). These, when eamph.tcd, which it is hoped can I)e done next season, will eover 5,326 square miles, or nearly three-quartem of' the area of th,' Slat(., the _dm]e area being 7,576 square miles. This w,,rk, though done })y tile United States Coast aml Geodetic Survey and at tile exl)en_e of tile general government, is of great value to the S/ate (,f New Jersey. It fllrnishes all accurate I)_is tbr our nmp_, and enables us to give a degree of' precision to them which we ,'nuld not ,,tla'rwlse secure. It follows the direction given by our .urvey an,l eomph,tes its work in those parts of the State where the prosemltl,m of the l.pographi(.'al surveys renders tile geodetic points lle(_'_sal'y _a" the c, wrect ('onstruetion of the nlflps. NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY THE STATE GEOLOGIST. 9 II. TOPOGRAPHICALSURVEY. I The field wor]¢ of the Topographical Surve)" has been continu(._ throughout the season. A_ party of five, and pal`l; of the time six, tol)ogmphers h,qs been steadily at work, since the first of May, level- ing, contouring and surveying the northcrn portion of the H.ighlands and the unfinishc(l part of Bergen coun U. Tile area sul,vcycd this year is 480 square miles, of which :]80 square miles lie on the High- hinds and include all the portion of Sussex count)" east of tile Lehigh and Hudson ]_iver Railroad south of Hamburgh, and all east of the Wallldll fi'om there northward; also West Milibrd and ])OI]l_)t0U townships, in Passaic county, and the earner of Morris couuty north of 40 ° 58', north latitude, lilt is tile most difficult piece of topography in the State, inc]uding_ _Ls it does, the irregular 1)lateaus ef the Wallkill, Bowling-gl`een, Hambul`gh and Wawayanda mountains; ttie rough, jagged and desolate ridges of conglomerate known as Green l'ond_ Copperas and Beal`fi)rt mountains; the peaked Wanaques and tile high ridge of gneiss called tile Ramapo mountaius. ]t is sparsely l,optdated, mostly covered with timber, which increases the diflictdties. On this account progress has been somewhat slower than !he average will be hereafter. It took the same tim% for instance, to work up l0 square miles on ]3earfbl`t that was required to _,VOl'kl1l) 20 square miles .f average Highland country, or 30 square miles of the regular s:mdst,me country of' Bergen count.v, notwithstanding the fwt that we substituted the telemeter and trlgoaometrkul leveling tbr rite leveling instrument_ the former bcing lx'euliarly suited to this country, giving great satisth(.tion as to aecm'ac S and saving filly two-thirds td' the time. Bearfort was tbund to contaiu five beautifill little lakes, rangil_g from ],100 to 1,400 tbet above tide-wate 5 three of which had never been mapl/ed at all, and the remaining two very erroneously both as to size and location. The whole distl'ict is iutel'spersed with many line ponds aud lakes, and the scenery is picturesque and beautiful. The 480 square nfilcs which have been surveyed dul`ing tile season NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY lO ANNUAL REPORT OF will be mapped it. tile course of tilt winter, and excepting about 150 .,lu:n'e miles of the extrelne southern part of tile Highlands, which remains to I}e surveyell, the map of the Archaean portion or the Stat% the district in which all our iron mines are found, will I)e ready far the t,tlgras'er. The w]mh' area covered by the survey up to the present time is 1,74(' square miles. Of the work of preceding years_ amounting to 1,26o square miles, 847 square miles are inclnded in the mal) pal)o llsh..d this year, an(! 413 square miles art mapped ready tbr the _,ngmver. The' small map accompanying shows tim la_ltion aad c_)m- lmrative extent .f these snrveys. A_ stated in last year s rep:wt, tl e lex els previous to that; thne were r_,fi,rred t. m,'an tide at Newark, .as near as we could get to it witlmut a long series of tidal gaugings. ])nring the early part af this season _,, e_mm_'ted our previous levels with thase of the United States Coast and (;{,}dctie Survey fronl Sandy Hook to Phillil)sburg _referred t. mean tide at Sandy H(),)k as deternfined by a series of abservatious six years hmg. The test was made at Phillipsbnrg after three years of h,veling, and the errar was found to I)e nine-tenths of a foat_ which is lw.llably n.t more than the difli_rence between our old datnm and theirs. The elevations will heneetbrth refer ta mean sea level at Sandy tf()t)k. T]w maps re_nlting from these surveys, so far 'as they have bccn lnlbli_he.I, are filet commending themselv_ to the l)ubli% and have alr(.ady lWovcd their usefidness in many ways. They have beet, studied :tdwnltag(,)u_ly in the loc_tion and eonstrnctlon of water- w.rk-, they furnish readiIy complete infarnmtion as t- the eompara- tlve tb.a-ibility of diflbrent routes of travel_ the practicability of drain- age work_, the fidl of streams for power, etc., and as their utility .'.row- t. bc bett_.r understood they will largely cnrtail the expenses af pr_,linlin:wy surveys in all engineering works and improvements. NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY THE STATE GEOLOGIST. 11 III. GEOLOGICALWORKIN PROGRESS.° $ 1. RED SANDSTOIqE DISTRICT. There is a renewed interest in the geology of this district, in coii- neetlon with the issue of the first of our topographk'al maps of _ew Jersey. This map is entitled a inap of "a part of Northern New Jersey," and nearly all the area which it represents is included h_ the red sandstone district. The prescntatlon of more accurate and detailed maps of a countl T glves the opportunity of ealling in the aid of a much larger number of intelligent observers to ascertain the filets and study out its geology.