Country Profile History Strategy Legal Framework Actors Who’s Who Infrastructure Services for Citizens Services for Businesses INSIDE WHAT’S eGovernment in Turkey ISA Visit the e-Government factsheets online on Joinup.eu Joinup is a collaborative platform created by the European Commission under the Interoperability Solutions for Public Administrations (ISA) in Europe Programme. Joinup provides numerous services around 3 main functionalities: 1. An observatory on interoperability, e-government, e-inclusion and e-health 2. A collaborative platform of open communities 3. A repository of interoperability solutions This document is meant to present an overview of the eGoverment status in this country and not to be exhaustive in its references and analysis. Even though every possible care has been taken by the authors to refer to and use valid data from authentic sources, the European Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the included information, nor does it accept any responsibility for any use thereof. Cover picture © Fotolia Content © European Commission © European Union, 2015 January 2010 Edition 13.0 eGovernment in Turkey, January 2015, Edition 12.0 Country Profile ......................................................................................... 1 eGovernment History ............................................................................... 5 eGovernment Strategy ........................................................................... 18 eGovernment Legal Framework ............................................................. 22 eGovernment Actors .............................................................................. 26 eGovernment Who’s Who ....................................................................... 29 eGovernment Infrastructure .................................................................. 32 eGovernment Services for Citizens ......................................................... 37 eGovernment Services for Businesses .................................................... 41 eGovernment in Turkey January 2015 Country Profile Basic data and indicators Basic Data Population (1 000): 76,667,864 inhabitants (2014) GDP at market prices: 617,794 million Euros (2013) GDP per inhabitant in PPS (purchasing Power Standards EU 28=100): Not available GDP growth rate: Not available (2014) Inflation rate: 8.9% (2014) Unemployment rate: 9% (2013) General government gross debt (Percentage of GDP): Not available General government deficit/surplus (Percentage of GDP): - Not available Source: Eurostat and Turkstat Area: Not available Capital city: Ankara Official EU language: Turkish Currency: TRY [1] eGovernment in Turkey January 2015 Political Structure The Republic of Turkey is a democratic, secular and social state governed by rule of law, whose political system was established in 1923. Turkey is a Member State of the United Nations, NATO, OSCE, OECD, OIC, and the Council of Europe. It is also a candidate country to join the European Union. Sovereignty is vested fully and unconditionally in the nation. The Turkish Nation shall exercise its sovereignty through the authorised institutions as prescribed by the principles laid down in the Constitution. Executive power is exercised by the President of the Republic and the Council of Ministers. Legislative power is vested in Grand National Assembly. The Judicial power is exercised by independent courts on behalf of the Turkish Nation. The function of Head of State is performed by the President (Cumhurbaşkanı). Executive power rests with the President and the Council of Ministers (Bakanlar Kurulu). The Council of Ministers consists of the Prime Minister and the ministers. The Prime Minister shall be appointed from among the members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly by the President of the Republic. The ministers shall be nominated by the Prime Minister and appointed by the President from Members of the Parliament (TGNA) or from among those eligible for election as deputies. They can be dismissed by the President, upon proposal of the Prime Minister, when deemed necessary. Legislative power is vested in the 550-seat Turkey Grand National Assembly (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi) which represents 81 provinces. Members are currently elected for a four-year term by mitigated proportional representation with an election threshold of 10 %. The freedom and independence of the judicial system is protected by the Constitution. There shall be no organisation, person, or institution which can interfere in the running of the courts, and the executive and legislative structures have to obey the courts' decisions. The Judicial system is highly structured. Turkish courts have no jury system; judges render decisions after establishing the facts in each case based on evidence presented by lawyers and prosecutors. Head of State: President Recep Tayyip Erdogan (since 28 August 2014). Head of Government: Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu (since 28 August 2014). [2] eGovernment in Turkey January 2015 Information Society Indicators Generic Indicators Statistical indicators in this section reflect those of Eurostat at the time the Edition is being prepared. Percentage of households with Internet access in Turkey: 49% (2013) Percentage of individuals using the internet at least once a week in Turkey: 40% (2013) Percentage of households with a broadband connection in Turkey: 46% (2013) Percentage of individuals having purchased/ordered online in the last three months in Turkey: 7% (2013) Percentage of individuals using the internet for interacting with public authorities in Turkey: 19% (2013) Percentage of individuals using the internet for obtaining information from public authorities in Turkey: 17% (2013) Percentage of individuals using the internet for downloading official forms from public authorities in Turkey: 6% (2013) Percentage of individuals using the internet for sending filled forms to public authorities in Turkey: 7% (2013) [3] eGovernment in Turkey January 2015 EGovernment State of Play The graph below is the result of the latest eGovernment Benchmark1 study, which monitors the development of eGovernment in Europe, based on specific indicators. These indicators are clustered within four main top-level benchmarks: User Centricity – indicates to what extent (information about) a service is provided online and how this is perceived. Transparent Government – indicates to what extent governments is transparent regarding: i) their own responsibilities and performance, ii) the process of service delivery and iii) personal data involved. Cross Border Mobility – indicates to what extent EU citizens can use online services in another country. Key Enablers – indicates the extent to which 5 technical pre-conditions are available online. There are: Electronic Identification (eID), Electronic documents (eDocuments), Authentic Sources, Electronic Safe (eSafe), and Single Sign on (SSO). These top-level benchmarks are measured using a life-events (e.g. mystery shopping) approach. The following life-events were used for measuring the eGovernment Benchmark top-level indicators: Business start-up and early trading operations, losing and Finding a Job, Studying, Regular business operations, Moving, Owning and driving a car, and Starting a small claims procedure. The figure below presents the development of eGovernment in Turkey compared to the EU average score. Source: http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/newsroom/cf/dae/document.cfm?doc_id=5573 [4] eGovernment in Turkey January 2015 eGovernment History Main developments and key milestones (in reverse chronological order) For the latest developments, see: Joinup news. Recent News June 2014 Since June 2014, students using the e-government Portal (turkiye.gov.tr) are able to get their certificate of enrolment barcoded and can give it to public institutions when needed. In addition, all citizens are able to verify the certificates of enrolment given to them. The document verification e-service is open to all citizens without the need to enter the e-Government Portal with a password. Turksat (technical contractor of e-government gateway project of Turkey) organised e- Innovative Government Competition Program as a social responsibility project with the support of Ministry of Transportation, Maritime and Communication and Bilkent University. The Competition Program aimed at drawing attention to e-transformation process of Turkey. In accordance with this purpose, Turksat called for projects for developing innovative and entrepreneurial projects on e-Government within universities. The award ceremony was held on 6th June. Successful Projects and Candidates are listed below: Rewards Successful Candidates Successful Projects Gold Medal Istanbul Commerce University Sustainable and accessible e-School e-Consumer Courts Software for Silver Medal Erciyes University Disabled People Silver Medal Erciyes University e-Payment and e-Billing Silver Medal Fatih Sultan Mehmet University e-Problem Reporting Bronze Medal Istanbul University e-Turkish Employment Bronze Medal İstanbul Technical University e-Immediate Blood Need Bronze Medal Yalova University e-Announcement e-Suggestion and e-Complaints for Bronze Medal Gazi University Public Institutions [5] eGovernment in Turkey January 2015 March 2014 On 12 March 2014, the e-Government Gateway "turkiye.gov.tr" was qualified for ISO 9241- 151 and ISO/IEC 40500 certificates: "TS ISO/IEC 40500:2012 Web Content Accessibility Guidelines" defines the criteria of accessibility of web content.