OFFICIAL USE Municipality of Yerevan ARMENIA: YEREVAN SOLID WASTE PROJECT – ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL DUE DILIGENCE “ESDD4” ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 19 th May 2015 CONTRACT No. C29500/AMIF-2014-07-07 Client: Municipality of Yerevan Consultant: Joint -Venture BERNARD Ingenieure ZT GmbH HYDRO INGENIEURE Umwelttechnik GmbH Bahnhofstrasse 19 Steiner Landstraße 27a A-6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria A-3504 Krems-Stein, Austria OFFICIAL USE OFFICIAL USE Armenia: Yerevan Solid Waste Project ESDD ESIA Environmental and Social Due Diligence Register of Submissions DOCUMENT NAME: 7332_Solid_Waste_Yerevan_ESDD_04_20150519.docx REV NO. DATE DESCRIPTION 00 19.12.2014 Draft submission 01 27.02.2015 Revised version I 02 01.04.2015 Revised version II 03 29.04.2015 Revised version III 04 19.05.2015 Final submission for disclosure 7332_Solid_Waste_Yerevan_ESDD_04_20150519.docx Page 2 of 171 OFFICIAL USE OFFICIAL USE Armenia: Yerevan Solid Waste Project ESDD ESIA Environmental and Social Due Diligence TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Project Rationale .................................................................................................................... 8 1.2 Description of Project Area ................................................................................................... 8 1.3 Alternatives ............................................................................................................................. 8 1.3.1 Description of “Zero Option” ..................................................................................................... 8 1.3.2 System Alternatives .................................................................................................................. 9 1.3.3 Site Alternatives ...................................................................................................................... 11 1.3.4 Design Alternatives ................................................................................................................. 11 1.4 Project Description and Associated Facilities as defined under EBRD Performance Requirement 1 ....................................................................................................................... 14 1.4.1 Construction Phase ................................................................................................................ 14 1.4.2 Operation Phase ..................................................................................................................... 17 1.4.3 Closure Phase ........................................................................................................................ 18 1.4.4 Facilities to be affected by the Project .................................................................................... 19 1.5 Definition of minimum Requirements for Appropriate Closure of existing Landfill ...... 20 1.6 Revision of Investment Plans with Respect to Environmental and Social Issues ........ 22 1.7 Amendments to the Technical Project from 2012 (Technical Feasibility Study, 2012) . 22 1.8 Landfill Protection Zone....................................................................................................... 22 2. APPLICABLE REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................... 24 2.1 National Regulatory Requirements ..................................................................................... 24 2.1.1 National Waste Strategy Armenia .......................................................................................... 24 2.1.2 Armenian Laws on Waste ....................................................................................................... 24 2.1.3 Technical Norms for Sanitary Landfills ................................................................................... 24 2.1.4 EIA – Regulation in Armenia .................................................................................................. 25 2.1.5 Ratified Treaties ...................................................................................................................... 32 2.1.6 Legal Framework and Common Practice for ESIA Processes in Armenia – Implications for the Project .............................................................................................................................................. 34 2.1.7 Other required permissions for Construction and Operation of a Landfill Site in Armenia in the follow up process ............................................................................................................................. 34 2.2 EU-Legislation ....................................................................................................................... 34 2.2.1 EU Legislation for Environment and Social Assessment ....................................................... 34 2.2.2 Directive 2010/75/EU - The Industrial Emissions Directive .................................................... 35 2.2.3 Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste ......................................................................... 35 2.3 EBRD’s Performance Requirements .................................................................................. 35 3. MATRIX OF RELEVANCE ..................................................................................................... 37 7332_Solid_Waste_Yerevan_ESDD_04_20150519.docx Page 3 of 171 OFFICIAL USE OFFICIAL USE Armenia: Yerevan Solid Waste Project ESDD ESIA Environmental and Social Due Diligence 4. DELINEATION OF PROJECT AREA .................................................................................... 40 5. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE STUDY ................................................................................ 43 5.1 Health, Well-Being and Safety ............................................................................................. 43 5.1.1 Noise ....................................................................................................................................... 43 5.1.2 Air Pollution ............................................................................................................................. 46 5.1.3 Macro-Climatic Conditions – GHG Emissions ........................................................................ 48 5.1.4 Vibration .................................................................................................................................. 49 5.1.5 Odour ...................................................................................................................................... 50 5.1.6 Diseases ................................................................................................................................. 50 5.1.7 Accidents ................................................................................................................................ 50 5.2 Landscape ............................................................................................................................. 51 5.2.1 Landscape and visual resources ............................................................................................ 51 5.3 Biodiversity ........................................................................................................................... 54 5.3.1 Flora ........................................................................................................................................ 54 5.3.2 Fauna ...................................................................................................................................... 58 5.3.3 Forest ...................................................................................................................................... 60 5.3.4 Protected Areas ...................................................................................................................... 61 5.4 Geology.................................................................................................................................. 62 5.4.1 Geology................................................................................................................................... 62 5.4.2 Geology: Literature Survey ..................................................................................................... 62 5.4.3 Geotechnical Field Survey / (“Soils”) ...................................................................................... 66 5.4.4 Brownfields ............................................................................................................................. 70 5.4.5 Radioactivity ........................................................................................................................... 71 5.4.6 Mining Resources ................................................................................................................... 74 5.5 Water ...................................................................................................................................... 74 5.5.1 Groundwater ........................................................................................................................... 74 5.5.2 Surface Water ......................................................................................................................... 76 5.5.3 Protected Water Areas ..........................................................................................................