FJELD OG VANN AS PFAS in fish and zoobenthos from River Randselva and N Lake Tyrifjorden H Report R1-2019 Project Proposal PFAS in fish and invertebrates from Randselva river and Lake Tyrifjorden Prepared for: Tom Tellefsen (Nature manager – leading consultant), Rambøll Norge AS Prepared by: Eirik Fjeld (Manager – environmental scientist), Fjeld og vann AS 2 May 2018 Proposal number: R1-2018 Prepared for Rambøll Norge AS and Huhtamäki Oyj April 2019 Org. nr. 820 371 542 Terrasseveien 31A Phone: +47 944 08 100 www.fjeldogvann.no 1363 Høvik [email protected] Org. nr. 820 371 542 MVA Terrrasseveien 31 A Phone: +47 944 08 100 www.fjeldogvann.no 1363 Høvik Norway [email protected] FJELD OG VANN AS N H Title PFAS in fish and zoobenthos from River Randselva and Lake Tyrifjorden Author Fjeld, Eirik Series Fjeld og Vann Report Volume R1-2019 Number of Pages 36 Date April 2019 ISBN 978-82-691555-0-1 Publisher Fjeld og Vann AS Format PDF Clients Rambøll Norge AS, Huhtamäki Oyj Project ProposalAbstract We here report results on per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in fish and benthic invertebrates from Lake Tyrifjorden and River Randselva. Fish (perch – Perca fluviatilis) and zoobenthos (crustaceans, pond snails) were sampled during the late summer of 2018 in the hydroelectric reservoir Svarthølen in Randselva close to Huhtamäki Oyj’s former industrial area at PFAS in fish and invertebrates from Randselva river and Lake Tyrifjorden Viul; upstream of this at Bergertjern hydroelectric reservoir; and downstream in Tyrifjorden. Perch Prepared for: Tom Tellefsen (Naturefrom manager Svarthølen – hadleading significantly consultant), elevated Rambøll concentrations Norge of PFASAS compared to the two other Prepared by: Eirik Fjeld (Manager locations.– environmental The levels werescientist), also clearly Fjeld elevated og vann in Tyrifjorden, AS whereas they were rather low in Bergertjern. PFOS was the dominating compound at all sites, followed by PFCAs (perfluoroalkyl 2 May 2018 carboxylic acids). At Svarthølen, FTSs (fluorinated telomer sulfonates) were also present in Proposal number: R1-2018 elevated concentrations. The elevated concentrations of PFAS in fish from Svarthølen are most likely related to the use of fluorinated seizing agents in the production of molded paper pulp articles at Viul. Key Words Pollutants; Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances; PFAS; Freshwater; Fish; Zoobenthos Frontside Photo Mosaic showing: field work at Tyrifjorden, Viul hydroelectric dam, and Viul main farm at Svarthølen. Photos: Eirik Fjeld Org. nr. 820 371 542 Terrasseveien 31A Phone: +47 944 08 100 www.fjeldogvann.no 1363 Høvik [email protected] Org. nr. 820 371 542 MVA Terrrasseveien 31 A Phone: +47 944 08 100 www.fjeldogvann.no 1363 Høvik Norway [email protected] Fjeld og Vann Report: R1-2019 Table of Contents 1. Extended abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... 4 2. Sammendrag – Norwegian abstract ........................................................................................................................... 5 3. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................... 6 4. Materials and methods ................................................................................................................................................. 7 4.1 Description of sampling locations ................................................................................................................... 7 4.1.1 Svarthølen and Viul factory site .......................................................................................................... 7 4.1.2 Bergertjern .............................................................................................................................................. 7 4.1.3 Tyrifjorden .............................................................................................................................................. 8 4.2 Fish and zoobenthos sampling ......................................................................................................................... 9 4.3 Analysis of PFAS .............................................................................................................................................. 11 4.4 Stable N- and C-isotopes, δ15N and δ13C ..................................................................................................... 14 5. Results and discussion ................................................................................................................................................ 15 5.1 Fish length and weight ..................................................................................................................................... 15 5.2 Food web analysis ............................................................................................................................................. 17 5.3 Quantifiable PFAS and general levels ........................................................................................................... 21 5.4 PFOS, PFCAs and precursors ........................................................................................................................ 24 5.4.1 About precursors ................................................................................................................................. 24 5.4.2 PFOS and precursors .......................................................................................................................... 24 5.4.3 PFCAs and precursors ........................................................................................................................ 25 5.5 Site specific chemical fingerprints .................................................................................................................. 26 5.6 Accumulation of PFOS in perch .................................................................................................................... 27 5.7 Source evaluations ............................................................................................................................................ 28 6. References .................................................................................................................................................................... 29 7. Appendix: Analytical and morphological data ........................................................................................................ 31 - 3 - Fjeld og Vann Report: R1-2019 1. Extended abstract Title: PFAS in fish and zoobenthos from River Randselva and Lake Tyrifjorden, 2018 Year: 2019 Author: Fjeld, Eirik Source: Fjeld og Vann AS, Report R1-2019 ISBN: 978-82-691555-0-1 This study is a part of Huhtamäki Oyj’s environmental survey at its former industrial facilities at Viul, Ringerike municipality, Buskerud county. We here document and discuss results on per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in fish and benthic invertebrates from Lake Tyrifjorden and River Randselva. The rationale for the survey is the elevated concentrations of PFAS found in sediments from Randselva outside and downstream of the company’s premises, and in sediments and fish from Tyrifjorden further downstream Randselva. Between 1999 and 2013 Huhtamäki manufactured disposable water and oil repellent paper-based food contact materials at Viul. PFAS were used in their production and treated process water was discharged to the recipient Randselva. Fish (perch – Perca fluviatilis) and zoobenthos (crustaceans, pond snails) were sampled during the late summer of 2018 in the hydroelectric reservoir Svarthølen in Randselva close to Huhtamäki’s industrial area at Viul; upstream of this (Bergertjern hydroelectric reservoir); and downstream in Lake Tyrifjorden. From each location 8 pooled samples of fish liver (each based on 5-10 individuals) and 4 samples of zoobenthos were prepared and analyzed for a broad selection of PFAS at the laboratory of Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA). A subsample of each fish and zoobenthos sample were sent to Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) and analyzed for stable N- and C- isotopes to determine their trophic level (position in food web) and carbon sources, respectively. Perch from Svarthølen, downstream Viul industrial site, had significantly elevated concentrations of PFAS compared to the two other locations. The levels were also clearly elevated in Tyrifjorden, whereas they were rather low in Bergertjern compared to the other sites. PFOS was the dominating compound at all sites, followed by PFCAs (perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids). At Svarthølen, FTSs (fluorinated telomer sulfonates) were also present in elevated concentrations. The mean sum of 18 different PFAS substances were: Svarthølen: 1278 ng/g w.w.; Tyrifjorden: 266 ng/g w.w.; Bergertjern: 41.8 ng/g w.w. An estimate for EQS value (Environmental Quality Standard) for PFOS in perch liver is 166 ng/g w.w. This limit is exceeded with a factor of 6.2 in Svarthølen and 1.2 in Tyrifjorden. The total PFAS levels in zoobenthos samples were significantly lower than in perch, with only modest differences between sites (13.6 – 45.7 ng/g w.w.). In Svarthølen samples, PFCAs (perfluorinated carboxylic acids) and FTSs were the dominating substances and occurred in about equal concentrations, while