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Find sources: Robert Southee - news newspaper book scientist JSTOR (August 2018) (Learn, how and when to remove this template message) Robert SoutheyPortrait, c. 1795Born (1774-08-12)12 August 1774Bristole, EnglandDied21 March 1843 (1843-03-21) (age 68)London, EnglandOccupationPoet, historian, historian, historian, historian, historian, historian, historian, biographer, essayistLiter movementRoantisisspehit Fricker (1795-1838; her death)Carolina Ann Bowles (1839-1843; his death) Robert Southee (1839-1843; his death) Robert Southee (1839-1843; his death) Robert Southee (1839-1843; his death) Robert Southee (1839-1843; his death) Robert Southee (1839-1843; his death) Robert Southee (1839-1843; his death) Robert Southee (183 /ˈsaʊði/ or /ˈsʌði/; August 12, 1774 -March 21, 1843) was an English romantic poet and poet laureate from 1813 until his death. Like other lake poets, William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Southee began as a radical but became steadily more conservative as he gained respect for Britain and its institutions. Other romantics, notably Byron, accused him of siding with the institution for money and status. He is remembered as the author of the poem After Blenheim and the original version of Goldilocks and the Three Bears. Life Robert Southey, Sir Francis Chantrey, 1832, National Portrait Gallery, London Robert Southee was born in Wine Street, Bristol, Robert Southey and Margaret Hill. He was educated at Westminster School in London (where he was expelled for writing an article in The Flagellant, attributing the invention to the devil), and at Balliol College, Oxford. Southee later said of Oxford: All I learned was a bit of swimming... and a little boating. Experimenting with a written partnership with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, primarily in their joint composition The Fall of Robespierre, Southee published his first collection of poems in 1794. That same year, Southee, Coleridge, Robert Lovell and several others discussed the creation of an idealistic community (panthiocracy) on the banks of the Susquehanna River in America: their desires would be simple and natural; their labor should not be such as the slaves of luxury endure; Where the property was held in general, everyone would work for everyone; in their cottages the best books will take place; literature and science, bathing anew in the invigorating flow of life and nature, could not help but rise reanimated and purified. Every young man must assume a soft and beautiful woman for his wife; this would be its part to prepare their innocent food, and usually their hardy and beautiful races. Southee was the first to dismiss the idea as unworkable, suggesting they were moving to Wales, but when they failed to agree, the plan was abandoned. In 1799, Southee and Coleridge were associated with with nitrous oxide (laughs gas) conducted by Cornish scientist Humphrey Davy. Greta Hall, Keswick Mary Matilda Betham, Portrait of Edith Mae Southee, 1809 - Mary Matilda Betham, Portrait of Herbert, 1809 - Southee married Edith Fricker, Coleridge's sister-in-law, at St Mary Redcliffe, Bristol, November 14, 1795. The Southeys made their home at Greta Hall, Keswick, in the Lake District, living on his tiny incomes. Also in Greta Hall and with his support lived Sarah Coleridge and her three children (after Coleridge abandoned them) and the widow of the poet Robert Lovell and her son. In 1808, Southee met Walter Savage Landor, whose work he admired, and they became close friends. In the same year he wrote letters from England under the pseudonym Don Manuel Alvarez Espriella, the account of the tour allegedly from the point of view of a foreigner. Through the mouth of his alias, Southee is critical of the inequality between the haves and the have-nots in English society, arguing that a change in tax policy would be needed to promote greater justice. Since 1809, Southee has contributed to the quarterly review. He became so well known by 1813 that he was appointed poet laureate after Walter Scott relinquished his position. In 1819, through a mutual friend (John Rickman), Southee met with the lead civil engineer Thomas Telford and struck up a friendship. From mid-August to 1 October 1819, Southee accompanied Telford on an extensive tour of his engineering projects in the Scottish Highlands, a diary of his observations. It was published in 1929 as a tour magazine in Scotland in 1819. He was also a friend of the Dutch poet Willem Bilderdica, whom he met twice, in 1824 and 1826, at Bilderdik's house in Leiden. He expressed appreciation for the work of the English writer Anne Doherty. In 1837, Southee received a letter from Charlotte Bronte in which he sought advice on some of her poems. He wrote in response praising her talents, but preventing her from writing professionally: Literature cannot be a matter of a woman's life, he argued. Years later, Bronte remarked to a friend that the letter was kind and wonderful; a little strict, but it did me well. Edith died in 1838, and on June 4, 1839, Southee remarried Caroline Ann Bowles, a poet. Suary's mind led away when he wrote the last letter to his friend Landor in 1839, but he continued to mention the name Landor when he could not mention any at all. He died on March 21, 1843, and was buried in the cemetery of Crosteit Church, Keswick, where he worshipped for forty years. The church has a monument, epitaph written by his friend William Wordsworth. Some of Southee's ballads are still read by British schoolchildren, the most famous of which is Inchcape Rock, God's Trial of the Evil Bishop, After Blenheim (perhaps one of the earliest and Cataract Lodore. Southey was also a prolific writing writer, literary writer, essay writer, historian and biographer. His biographies include the lives and works of John Bunyan, John Wesley, William Cowper, Oliver Cromwell and Horatio Nelson. The latter has rarely been out of print since its publication in 1813 and was adapted as the 1926 British film Nelson. He was also a well-known scholar of Portuguese and Spanish literature and history, translating a number of works from these two languages into English and writing the history of Brazil (part of his planned history of Portugal, which he never completed) and the history of the war on the peninsula. Perhaps his most enduring contribution to literary history is the children's classic The Story of the Three Bears, the original story of Goldilocks, first published in Southee's prosaic collection The Doctor. He also wrote on political issues, which led to a brief, non-sitting, spell as a Tory MP. As a prolific writer and commentator, Southee introduced or popularized a number of words in English. The term autobiography, for example, was used by Southee in 1809 in a quarterly review in which he predicted epidemic anger for an autobiography that really continues to this day. The English word zombie from the Haitian French zombie was presumably first recorded by Southee in his 1819 essay The History of Brazil. Politics 1797 caricatured the early radical poetry of Southee Although originally a radical supporter of the French Revolution, Southee followed the trajectory of his fellow romantic poets Wordsworth and Coleridge to conservatism. Accepted by the Tory establishment as a poet laureate, and since 1807, having received a one-year scholarship from them, he actively supported the government of Liverpool. He opposed parliamentary reform (the railway to break down with the devil for the driver), accused the Boyne in Peterloo of the supposedly revolutionary rabble killed and wounded by government forces, and rejected Catholic emancipation. In 1817, he privately offered a penalty for those guilty of defamation or stimation. He was referring to figures such as Thomas Jonathan Vuler and William Hoon, whose persecution he called. Such writers were guilty, he wrote in a quarterly review, of inciting the producer's turbulent temper and violating the peasant's quiet attachment to the institutions under which he and his fathers lived in peace. Vuler and Hon were acquitted, but the threats forced another target, William Cobbett, to temporarily emigrate to the United States. In some respects, Southee has been ahead of his time in his views on social reform. For example, he was an early critic of the evil of the new factory system brought to Britain in the early 19th century. He was appalled by the living conditions in cities such as Birmingham and and especially through the employment of children in factories and the frank about them. He sympathized with Robert Owen's innovative socialist plans, advocated for the state to promote high-employment public works, and called for universal education. Given his departure from radicalism and his attempts to prosecute former fellow travellers, it is not surprising that the less successful contemporaries who have kept the faith have attacked Southee. They saw it as selling for money and respectability. In 1817, Southee was confronted with the secret publication of a radical play by Wat Tyler, which he wrote in 1794 at the height of his radical period. This was provoked by his enemies in an attempt to embarrass the poet laureate and highlight his apostasy from a radical poet to a Tory establishment supporter. One of his wildest critics was William Hazlitt. In his portrait of Southee, in the Spirit of the Century, he wrote: He courted Freedom as a young lover, but it was perhaps more like a mistress than a bride; and since then he has married an elderly and not-so-authoritative lady called The Law.