Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42359-5 — The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language 3rd Edition David Crystal Index More Information VI INDEX OF LINGUISTIC ITEMS A auto 322, 330, 493 classist 189 -eau(x) 213 auto- 138 c’mon 79 -ectomy 210 a indefinite article 234–5, 350 aye 346 co- 138 -ed form 208, 210, 216, 223, 224, 237, short vs long 327, 345, 371 cockroach 149 346, 350 verb particle 367 B colour 179 -ed vs t (verb ending) 216, 331, 493 a- 138, 335 contra- 138 -ee 210, 220 -a noun singular 212 /b-/, /-b/ (sound symbolism) 263 could 224 -een 358 noun plural 212 B/b 271, 280 counter- 138 -eer 210, 220 -a- (linking vowel) 139 babbling 483 cowboy 148 eh 319 A/a 271, 280 back of 331 crime 176 eh? 230, 362 AA (abbreviations) 131 bad 211 curate’s egg 437 elder/eldest 211 -able 210, 223 barely 230 cyber- 452 elfstedentocht 383 ableism 189 bastard 263 Elizabeth 158 -acea 210 be 224, 233, 237, 243, 367 D -elle 160 a crapella 498 inflected 21, 363 ’em 287 -ae (plural) 213 regional variation 342 /d-/, /-d/ (sound symbolism) 263 en- 138 after (aspectual) 358, 363 be- 138 D/d 271, 280–1 encyclop(a)edia 497 -age 210, 220 be about to 236 da 367 encyclopediathon 143 ageist 189 been 367 danfo 495 -ene 160 agri- 139 be going to 96, 236 dare 224 -en form 21, 210, 212, -aholic 139 Berks 97 data 213 346, 461 -aid 143, 191 best 211 daviely 352 Englexit 124 ain’t 319, 498 be to 236 De- 160 -er adjective base ending 211 aitch 359 better 211 de- 138 familiarity marker 141, 210 -al 210, 220, 223 between you and I 206, 215 demi- 138 noun ending 220 Albert 160 Bexit 124, 143 depression 472–4 spelling 327 alike 239 bi- 138 Derry 359 Ermahgerd 97 alphabetist 189 bio- 139 di (verb particle) 367 -eroo 141 Americanism 85 blog 457 di- 138 -ers 141 amn’t 358 bloody 104, 185, 372 dice 213 -ery 210, 220 amongst 331 -body 222 did 367 -es (plural) 212–13 an 235, 350 bomb 330 different(ly) from/to/than 206, 331, 493 -ese 210, 220 before h 67 boojum 149 dis- 138 -esque 210, 223 -an 210, 220 -bot 461 div/divent 346 -ess 210, 220 and 225–6, 238, 295, 428, 460 bowdlerize 503 do 45, 67, 74, 224, 231, 240, 346, -est ending 21 as subordinator 358 Brexit 124, 497 367, 444 -et 327 at beginning of a sentence 227 bridegroom 149 does 216–17, 346 -eth 21, 29, 67 idiomatic uses 239 but 225, 238 -dom 210, 220 -ette 160, 210, 220 -and 350 adverbial 358, 372, 376 don’t 231 Euro- 139, 191 -ant 210, 220 dos Eurocentrist anti- 138 sentence-initial 227 346 189 any- 222 by 237 do so 240 every- 222 anymore (positive) 358 -by 25 dot 461 ex- 138 apart from 331 dunno 287 -ex 213 appendix 213 C exist 243 arch- 138 E -exit 124, 136, 143, 191 arise 243 -c (verb base ending) 217 extra- 138 around 331 C/c 271, 280 e magic/silent 42, 212, 217, 269, -ary 327 can 224 271, 284 F aside from 331 car 322, 330 optional 286 -ate 210 cardigan 165 -e (ending in Middle English) 39 -/f/ (sound symbolism) 263 -athon 139, 191 -challenged 143 e (electronic) 460 F/f 271–2, 280 -ation 210, 220 chic sale(s) 334 E/e 271, 280 far 211 atop 331 chitterlings 339 each other 222 farther/farthest 211 540 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42359-5 — The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language 3rd Edition David Crystal Index More Information Index of Linguistic Items Appendix VI -fashion 223 have to 96, 236, 497 -ite 210, 220 magnolia 165 fattyist 189 he 222, 493 -itude 461 mail 322 fi 367 headache 341 -ity 210, 220, 461 mal- 138 -fix 503 heightist 189 -ive 210, 223 man, generic use of 189 fore- 138 hello 419 -ix 213 -mancy 210 forensic 450 helpmate 149 -ize 210 manger 347 for ti 358 herb 272 Mary Deckers 106 frae 349 heterosexist 189 J -matic 139 -friendly 143 his (= its) 67 maverick 165 from 493 history 146 J/j 69, 272, 280 may 96, 224, 349 from (= since) 358 -hood 210, 220 me (vs I) 215 -ful(l) 210, 220, 223, 461 hopefully 206, 241 K medium 213 further/furthest 211 house 219 mega- 138, 143, 191 how (exclamatory) 231 K/k 273, 280 -ment 210, 220 G hurting 334 /k-/, /-k/ (sound symbolism) 263 Mexit 124 hyper- 138, 461 Kate 163 micro- 139 G/g 272 keep calm 97 might 224 /-g/, /-g-/ (sound symbolism) 263 I Kellogg 280 spellings of 40 g dropping 71, 81 Kinki 122 mines (= mine) 349 gan 346 I (pronoun) 367 knave 63 mini- 138 -gate 130, 143, 191 vs me 215 know 96 mis- 138 Gawd 287 -i (plural) 213 mono- 138 gay 148 -i- (linking vowel) 139 L ’morning 300 G’day 300 I/i 222, 272 mouse 461 ge- 21–2 before e 284 /l/ clear 257, 357, 363, 365 multi- 138 gels 287 vs j 69 dark 257, 365, 374 must 96, 224, 377, 497 Gersberms 97 -ial 210 sound symbolism 263 mustn’t 358, 372 get 237, 365, 428 -ian 210, 220 vocalized 347 give me it, etc. 343 -ic 210, 223 voiceless 355 N gl- 263 -ice 160 L/l 273 glamour 146 -ices (plural) 213 La- 160 N/n 273 God 185 -ies (plural) 212 larf 287 na 350 goes 217 if 365 law(r) and order 259 -na 349 gonna 236, 259, 287 clause 236 -le 211 nae 349 good 211 -ification 461 lecturer 328 nay 346 good afternoon/evening/morning/ -ify 210 -less 210, 223 need 224 night 300 -im 213 let 231, 358 neither . nor 225 got 331 in 480–1 -let 210, 220 neo- 138, 426 gotcha 287, 406 in- 138 lightning 217 -ness 210, 220 gotta 287 -in 103 -like 223 never 347 gotten vs got 331, 495 in behalf of 331 line 173 news 168 -gram 140 inflammable 138 -ling 210, 220 nexit 124 grammar 146 -ing form 21, 210, 215–16, 220, 223, little 484 nice 146, 428 Grexit 124 224, 237, 350 -’ll 236 nice and 239 -gynous 210 innit 287, 347 loadsa- 143 nicotine 165 inter- 138 lookist 188 night-night 300 H intra- 138 look you 355 -nik 210 -is 213 lorra 287 no particle 349, 350, 367 H/h 272, 280 -ise 210 loving 96 response 346, 380 /h/ dropping 42, 339, 442 -ish 210, 223, 426 luvverly 287 tag 319 haitch 359 is it 319 -ly 210, 223, 347, 367 ways of saying 301 hand 175 -ism 143, 189, 191, 210, 220 no- 222 hardly 230, 346 isn’t it 319, 355 M noan 346 har har 287 -ist 189, 191, 210, 220 nocht 350 have 224, 330 it 222, 446 M/m 273, 280 non- 138 have got 330 -it (verb ending) 350, 352 mad 167 none 206, 346 541 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42359-5 — The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language 3rd Edition David Crystal Index More Information Appendices not 217, 224, 230, 346, 349–50 post- 138 salon 148 tele- 138 not so 319 pre- 138 salt-cellar 149 ter die 267 nowt 346 prepone 497 sausage 146 Tex-Mex 123 n’t 217, 224, 230 pro- 138 says 216 th, pronunciation of 347, 357 nuf( f ) 287 professor 328 sch- 255 -th noun ending 138 -ny 349 proto- 138 sea, Old English words for 23 verb ending 21, 29, 67 pseudo- 138 see 349 thae 349 O psycho- 139 seesaw 140, 333 than 493 punch 146 -self 222 that (pronoun) 96, 222 O (vocative) 232 -selves 222 that-clause 242 -o familiarity marker 141, 372, 459 Q semi- 138 the 234–5 noun ending 212–13 senior lecturer 328 thee 349 -o- (linking vowel) 139 Q/q 274 sexist 189 The Hague 220 O/o (letter) 274 Québec 360 sez 287 there (unstressed) 243, 259 -ocracy 210, 220 quh- 350 -sh 263 these 222 -oes (noun plural) 212 Sha- 160 they 222 of 214, 222, 333, 358 R shall 96, 206, 224, 236, 319, 331, 349 they (= these) 349 off of 331 she 222, 493 they yins 349 -og 327 /r/ after vowel 71, 81, 99, 101, 105, sheep 213 thine 308 -ogue 327 257, 259, 332, 344, 357, 361, -ship 210, 220 -thing 222 oh 303 365, 375, 376, 380 shit 184 thingummybob 140 -oh 372 colouring 340 should 224 thir 349 OK 130 intrusive 259 shurrup 287 this 222 OK? 230 linking 259, 274, 336 silly 146 -thorp 25 old (-er/-est) 211 R/r 274, 287 sirloin 149 those 222 on 358, 480–81 racist 189 sit-in 103 thou 75, 222, 349 -on 213 rain cats and dogs 128 sk- 273 thwaite 25 -ona 160 -rama 139 sl- 263 thy 308 on behalf of 331 Rambo- 143 sly 146 till 333, 358 one (numeral) 349 re- 138 Smith 161 till (= so that) 358 one (pronoun) 304 -re 327 sn- 263 -tion 210, 220 -one 222 reader 328 so 358, 365 tire centre 360 one another 222 real 493 some- 222 to (particle) 45 only 206 regrexit 124 -some 223 to (preposition) 331, 493 or 230, 238 relaid 217 -son 26 -toft 25 -or 210, 220, 225, 327, 360, 493 relayed 217 sparrow-grass 149 Toronto 361 -os (noun plural) 212 right? 230, 319 -speak 191 trans- 138 -ough 43, 272 robot 383 Stanley 43 treacle 146 ought (to) 224, 319, 349 round 331 staple 172 treat 346 -our 327, 360 .