Information Bulletin No. 13 Frozen Minds & The Violence of Attrition, 15th June 1994 PREFACE CHAPTER 1 TRENDS && ISSUES 1.1 The UNPs’ Troubles 1.2 The war 1.3 The Airforce: Hitting Prabakaran from the Air 1.4 Straands of Southern thought 1.5 The Uma Prakash Affair 1.6 The late Rohana Wijeweera’s family. 1.7 Deveelopments in Trincomalee 1.8 Some statistics on Refugees in the North-East. CHAPTER 2 REPORT OON THE DISTRICT OF AMPARAI 2.2 Civiilian casualties :Resettlement of Refugees 2.3 Educcation: 2.4 Problems specific to Tamils 2.5 REPOORTS CHAPTER 3 REPORT OON THE DISTRICT OF BATTICALOA 3.1 The main trends: 3.2 Disaappearances 3.3 The case of Zacky Nathaniel, Sinthathurai (Born 18th February 1969) 3.4 Musllims in the Batticaloa District 3.5 Arreest and Detention 3.6 The Social Back Drop to the Shifting Military Balance in Batticaloa 3.7 Repoorts: Military Operations in the Batticaloa District CHAPTER 4 POSTSCRIIPT- APRIL 1994: 4.1 Sociial Problems among Tamils linked to violence and deprivation: 4.1.1 Diisappearance: 4.1.2 Arrbitrary Arrest and Detention: Typical cases of arbitrary detention: 4.1.3 Woomen: The Passive Reapers of a Bitter Harvest. 4.1.4 Allcoholism 4.2 The LTTE 4.3 The Armed Forces 4.4 The Economy 4.5 Locaal Elections in the Eastern Province 4.6 The Whirlpool of Eastern Politics. CHAPTER 5 REPORT OON THE NORTH 5.1 Jafffna Report Air attaack on civilians crossing Jaffna Lagoon Shell atttack on Jaffna Town: 15th March 1994 June 11tth to 13th 1994: 5.1.2 Heealth conditions in Jaffna 5.1.3 Thhe Regime 5.1.4 Exxpatriates, Australian visas and visas to Vavuniya 5.2 Deveelopments in South Vanni 5.3 Repoort on the District of Mannar 5.3.2 Inncidents 5.4 15th March 1994: Kudiraimalai: The massacre of Sinhalese fishermen. 5.4.2 Immmediate causes of the incident: 5.4.3 Thhe massacre & its aftermath. 5.4.4 A week afterwards: CHAPTER 6 TIME’S WWASTING HOURS: TRENDS IN THE TAMIL STRUGGLE 6.1 Prelliminary remarks 6.2 The LTTE and the world 6.3 The LTTE and the People 6.4 The pains of godhead We shalll feed the hungry PREFACE There is little that is happening in the country today that could be understood without reference to the presidential and parliamentary elections scheduled for the year’s end. The ruling party is desperate to keep its hold on power and its nervousness shows daily in its actions. Not having any card to play for this election they may wish to use war hysteria as the last one. They may like to push the military to do some manoeuvring on the northern front. But the ground reality seems to be very unfavourable and the Government continues to be mired in confusion. The LTTE is also making some moves- a series of small but widely dispersed attacks over much of the North-East, renewed calls that it is ready for peace talks, and a concerted effort to curb dissent among Tamils in the West through a geographical extension of its terror. It is again a confirmation of its search for a ‘peace’ where its denial of accountability to the Tamils and its hegemony over them are given legal sanction and perhaps international respectability. We have always argued that such an arrangement would be internally contradictory and practically disastrous. It is an illusion of the kind of peace making that conceptually sees as important mainly the Sri Lankan state and the LTTE, and seeks an arrangement that would stabilise them through an apparently non-conflicting balance of their claims. The masses- be they Muslims, Sinhalese or Tamils -are practically left out in the cold. The present conflict was no doubt begun by the state’s increasing identification with an exclusively Sinhalese nationalism, leading to arrogance and an inability to represent the multi ethnic character of Sri Lankan society. Even after its disastrous record of murder and mayhem it has not even conceptually grasped the need to made an independent gesture of good -will towards the Tamil people. Its continuing record is one of bombing and shelling Tamil civilians in the North, torture and disappearances in the East and lying to glory. Its actions are impelled far less by the merest hint of intelligence than by corruption and abuse of power in their multitudinous forms. However things may seem on the surface, the grim reality confronting the state and the LTTE is a sobering one. In village after village in the interior of the Sinhalese South unemployed youth, often with their A Levels, are offered two unenviable choices: “ Join the army or work for some cause like that of the JVP”. On the other hand 3O% or so of the national budget that could have gone a long way towards their upliftment is spent on a war that owes much to political bankruptcy more than anything else. Parents whose sons are in the army often adorn their humble dwellings among other things with a picture of the late General Kobbekaduwe, one of their son, sometimes crippled, and even slogans circulated by anti-war groups. Their despair is made the worse through confusion. We show in Chapter 6 of this report, “Time’s Wasting Hours”, that the seemingly solid ground is also shifting inexorably beneath the LTTE. To a large extent its recent successes were Pyrrhic victories. The ordinary Tamil people are passively distancing themselves from the LTTE in different ways. One stark development is the sharp tapering off of recruitment in the East. In Chapter 1, “Trends and Issues”, we summarise current developments and discuss issues arising from them. This includes a section on the armed forces. Also discussed are the emptiness of the claims and reasoning that lie behind the aerial bombing of Jaffna that has claimed nearly 1OO civilian lives since last October. This is another demonstration of political bankruptcy leading to military paralyses. Chapters 2,3 and 4 discuss in some detail current trends in the East based on over a year’s monitoring. Chapter 5 deals with the North. One problem that will have to be faced squarely is the kind of impossible situation created by this government in areas like Trincomalee [see 1.7]. The population balance has been deliberately shifted through murder, displacement and deprivation of Tamils on the one hand, and on the other the numerical rise of a Sinhalese population maintained by a diversion of public resources in various forms. To treat this as a fait- accompli would leave a wound so deep as to prolong disaffection in one form or the other. The problem also touches on ideological use made of ordinary Sinhalese who are themselves victims of war and misrule. We mentioned in the preface to Report 12 that our work will undergo a radical change in form and emphasis. By now we have covered in some detail several aspects of the conflict and have also covered most of the North-East. We would allow our work up to this time to stand by itself as a record. Our future energies would be devoted much less to detailed reporting and more towards shorter special reports highlighting specific issues of current concern. Our comprehensive reports would tend to become an annual feature. CHAPTER 1 TRENDS & ISSUES 1.1 The UNP's Troubles 1.2 The war 1.3 The Airforce: Hitting Prabakaran from the Air 1.4 Strands of Southern thought 1.5 The Uma Prakash Affair 1.6 The late Rohana Wijeweera’s family. 1.7 Developments in Trincomalee 1.8 Some statistics on Refugees in the North-East. 1.1 The UNPs’ Troubles The late Dr. Rajani Thiranagama wrote during the early months of 1988 when the Prime Minister Premadasa was vying to become the UNP’s presidental candidate: “The Prime Minister represents, and depends on, the chauvinists for support and thus could only turn to the electorate and populist forces to resolve the internal power struggle. Therefore he is directly appealing to the ordinary masses with his grand grass roots programmes tainted with anti-Indian populist politics. Ultimately this may lead him to alliances with other chauvinistic forces outside the broad front. Such alliances will have far - reaching consequences for the UNP as a parliamentary party.” [The Broken Palmyrah, 1st edition.] That should give us much to reflect on the turbulent six years which have flown since the passage was penned. Although running a crisis - prone presidency, Premadasa when he did not allow his feelings to get the better of him, showed himself to be an able manager of men and a good tight - rope walker. But there was almost nothing that he could do decisively, particularly with regard to political measures to end the war. Though not instinctively a chauvinist, he perhaps felt that he would ultimately have to bank on them. With India he more than made up for the public humiliation inflicted on her through his rhetoric and the treatment of the IPKF by providing ample space for Indian economic interests. It was left to his successor D.B. Wijetunge to more or less make an overt appeal to the chauvinist forces. His personalised campaign during the Southern Provincial Council elections in March calling for a strengthening of his hands to pursue the war,in addition to a superfluous promise never to grant Eelam - a separate state for the Tamils- made no impact. The result was a humiliating defeat for the UNP. Perhaps Premadasa and Wijetunge were misled into overestimating the strength of the chauvinist forces.