WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION INSTRUMENTS AND OBSERVING METHODS REPORT No. 88 TRAINING MATERIAL ON WEATHER RADAR SYSTEMS E. Büyükbas (Turkey) O. Sireci (Turkey) A. Hazer (Turkey) I. Temir (Turkey) A. Macit (Turkey) C. Gecer (Turkey) WMO/TD-No. 1308 2006 NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or its authorities, or concerning the limitation of the frontiers or boundaries. This report has been produced without editorial revision by the Secretariat. It is not an official WMO publication and its distribution in this form does not imply endorsement by the Organization of the ideas expressed. FOREWORD The Thirteenth Session of the Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation (CIMO) recognized the need for training and placed a greater emphasis on these issues as it planned its activities for its 13th Intersessional period. As next generation weather radars system are deployed the need for more in depth training in instrument and platform siting, operation, calibration, lightning safety and maintenance has been requested. Within this document the team of experts from Turkey, led by Mr Büyükbas, provided training materials that address the basic training needs requested by Commission Members. This excellent work will undoubtedly become a useful tool in training staff in many aspects of operating and maintaining weather radar systems. I wish to express our sincere gratitude to Mr Büyükbas and his colleagues in preparing such a fine series of documents. (Dr. R.P. Canterford) Acting President Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation TRAINING MATERIAL ON WEATHER RADAR SYSTEMS MODULES MODULE A: Introduction to Radars MODULE B: Radar Hardware MODULE C: Processing Basics in Doppler Weather Radars MODULE D: Radar Products and Operational Applications MODULE E: Radar Maintenance and Calibration Techniques MODULE F: Radar Infrastructure TRAINING MATERIAL ON WEATHER RADAR SYSTEMS COURSE SYLLABUS TURKEY RADAR TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 TURKISH STATE METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE (TSMS) WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION (WMO) COMMISSION FOR INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATIONS (CIMO) OPAG ON CAPACITY BUILDING (OPAG-CB) EXPERT TEAM ON TRAINING ACTIVITIES AND TRAINING MATERIALS TRAINING COURSE ON WEATHER RADAR SYSTEMS MODULE A: INTRODUCTION TO RADAR MODULE B: RADAR HARDWARE MODULE C: PROCESSING BASICS IN DOPPLER WEATHER RADARS MODULE D: RADAR PRODUCTS AND OPERATIONAL APPLICATIONS MODULE E: RADAR MAINTENANCE AND CALIBRATION TECHNIQUES MODULE F: RADAR INFRASTRUCTURE TURKISH STATE METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE 12–16 SEPTEMBER 2005 WMO RMTC-TURKEY ALANYA FACILITIES, ANTALYA, TURKEY TURKEY RADAR TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 COURSE SYLLABUS (TURKEY RADAR TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005) 1. OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE This course has been planned to be organized within the scope of the tasks of Expert team on training materials and training activities established by CIMO Management Group (OPAG on Capacity Building (OPAG-CB)/C.1. Expert Team on Training Activities and Training Materials) This course is expected to give a general view and information to the trainees about the basic features of Meteorological Weather Radars and why and how to operate a Radar and Radar network. It is believed that to organize such training courses will give an invaluable contribution to the capacity building activities and will be a great opportunity to be able to exchange the experiences and information between the meteorological services of different countries. On the other hand, as in that case, Regional Meteorological Training Centres will be used more efficiently. Turkish State Meteorological Service (TSMS) started modernization program of observation network and got many experience both on equipment itself and operating them. So TSMS’s well trained staff will take the opportunity to transfer their knowledge and experiences to the representative of the other countries and get their experiences, comments and recommendations by means of that interactive training course. Upon completion of the course; Trainees will be able to; a) understand why we need more reliable, more accurate and continuous meteorological data and how these requirements can be met, b) learn basic principles and approach of an RADAR which has become a necessity for the meteorological observations, c) take benefits of experiences from users of an operational weather radar network, d) get the view how to maintain a single RADAR and an RADAR network. Trainers will be able to; a) understand weak and strong parts of their knowledge and teaching method, b) learn how they can transfer their knowledge to the trainees, c) take the opportunity to check their system’s features once more under questions of the trainees, d) get comments, experiences and recommendations of the representatives of the other countries. TURKEY RADAR TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 1 COURSE CONTENT Lecture Lecture - Lecture Training Topic Training Method Lecturer Nr. Day / Hour Module Material 09:00 – 10:00 Opening Ceremony TURKEY WEATHER OBSERVING • Prepared text • Explanation by Power SYSTEMS AND RADAR NETWORK book and CD point presentation 1 / 1 • Projector • Brief Explanation on Course 1 • Laptop PC Ercan BÜYÜKBAŞ • Observation Network of TSMS 10:00 – 10:45 • Radar Network o Currently Operational o Planned for Future INTRODUCTION TO RADAR • Prepared text book and CD • Explanation by Power 1 / 2 Radar Theory • Projector point presentation Laptop PC . 2 A • Ercan BÜYÜKBAŞ • The History of Radar 11:00 – 11:45 • Basic Radar Terms • Radar Equation • Block Diagram of a Radar 12:00 – 13:15 Lunch break Lecture Lecture - Training Lecture Topic Training Method Lecturer Nr. Day / Hour Material Module Propagation of EM waves • Prepared text • Theoretical book and CD explanation by Power • Electromagnetic Spectrum • Projector point presentation • Electromagnetic Waves • Laptop PC • Drawings on the 1 / 3 • Refraction board 3 A Radar Types Aytaç HAZER 13:15 – 14:00 • Pulse, Continuous, • Doppler Radar, • MTI, ASR,TDWR TURKEY RADAR TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 2 RADAR HARDWARE • Prepared text book and CD • Theoretical Operation Principles of Weather • Projector explanation by Power Radar • Laptop PC point presentation • Drawings on the 1 / 4 • General Overview board • Typical Radar System 4 B Oğuzhan ŞİRECİ Applications and Block Diagrams 14:15 – 15:00 Receiver • General Overview • Oscillators Receiver • Low Noise Amplifier • Duplexer&TR Limiter 1 / 5 • Basic Characteristics of Receiver Transmitter 5 B Oğuzhan ŞİRECİ 15:15-16:00 • General Overview • Transmitter Types • Modulator TURKEY RADAR TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 3 Lecture Lecture - Lecture Training Topic Training Method Lecturer Nr. Day / Hour Module Material Antenna • Prepared text • Theoretical 2 / 1 • General Overview book and CD explanation by Power 6 B • Antenna Types • Projector point presentation İsmail TEMİR • Modulator • Laptop PC • Drawings on the 09:00 – 09:45 • Basic Characteristics of Antenna board • Main Parts of a Radar Antenna Radar Control Processor(RCP) and Radar Signal Processor(RSP) • Prepared text • Theoretical book and CD explanation by Power • General Overview • Projector point presentation 2 / 2 • Control Processor • Laptop PC • Drawings on the • Signal Processor board 7 B Oğuzhan ŞİRECİ 10:00 – 10:45 Radome • General Overview • Radome Types 2 / 3 Video Show 8 B ALL • Video Images of Turkish 11:00 – 11:45 Radars 12:00 – 13:00 Lunch Break Lecture Lecture - Lecture Training Topic Training Method Lecturer Nr. Day / Hour Module Material EXCURSION TURKEY RADAR TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 4 Lecture Lecture - Lecture Training Topic Training Method Lecturer Nr. Day / Hour Module Material PROCESSING BASICS IN • Theoretical DOPPLER WEATHER RADAR • Prepared text explanation by Power SYSTEMS book and CD point presentation • Projector • Drawings on the Signal Processing • Laptop PC board 3 / 1 • I/Q Demodulation • Analogue receiver Channels 9 C Oğuzhan ŞİRECİ • Doppler Signal Processing 09:00 – 09:45 Techniques • Pulse Pair • Clutter Correction • FFT Implementation Maximum Unambiguous Range Velocity Determination • Prepared text • Theoretical • Doppler Shift book and CD explanation by Power 3 / 2 • Total Distance to Target in • Projector point presentation Radians • Laptop PC • Drawings on the 10 C Oğuzhan ŞİRECİ • Pulse Pair Method board 10:00 – 10:45 • Maximum Unambiguous Velocity Doppler Dilemma Radar Range Folding • Theoretical • Recognizing Range Aliased • Prepared text explanation by Power Echoes book and CD point presentation 3 / 3 • Elimination of Second Trip • Projector • Drawings on the 11 C Echoes board Oğuzhan ŞİRECİ • Laptop PC Velocity Folding 11:00 – 11:45 • Staggered PRF for Velocity Folding • Recognizing Velocity Aliasing 12:00 – 13:00 Lunch Break TURKEY RADAR TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 5 Lecture Lecture - Lecture Training Topic Training Method Lecturer Nr. Day / Hour Module Material RADAR PRODUCTS AND • Theoretical OPERATIONAL APPLICATIONS • Prepared text explanation by Power book and CD point presentation 3 / 4 Radar Products • Projector • Drawings on the 12 D board Cüneyt GEÇER • Laptop PC • RPG(Radar Product Generation) 13:15 – 14:00 • Radar Parameters • Product Descriptions Scanning Strategies • Prepared text • Theoretical 3 / 5 book and CD explanation by Power • Winter Task Projector point presentation 13 D • Cüneyt GEÇER