-^ ANCIENT AND MODERN MAN IN SOUTHWESTERN ASIA by HENRY FIELD University of Miami Press Coral Gables, Florida 1956 A =#mar2Vfe<^ -i-M. ANCIENT AND MODERN MAN 8 ^fc'C-ft' IN SOUTHWESTERN ASIA h, by HENRY FIELD University of Miami Press Coral Gables, Florida 1956 \U!1 L=' V OF DEPARTiVlhi.T OF GEOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA LIBRARIES /i "^ .A '\ ^>C- ^a<'l4. 5v*!i. ANCIENT AND MODERN MAN IN SOUTHWESTERN ASIA e, by HENRY FIELD University of Miami Press Coral Gables, Florida 1956 PROPERTY OF departmlnt of geography university of florida Copyright 1956 by Henry Field Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 56-12176 C, .:i. contents PAGE PREFACE ix I. THE LAND 1 II. SINAI 5 III. ISRAEL 22 IV. JORDAN 34 V. LEBANON 43 VI. SYRIA 51 VII. TURKEY 60 VIII. CAUCASUS 74 IX. IRAQ 81 X. ARABIAN PENINSULA 97 XI. IRAN 125 XII. AFGHANISTAN 134 XIII. BALUCHISTAN 1 10 XIV. COMPARATIVE DATA ON LIVING PEOPLES 149 XV. THE NURSERY OF MODERN MAN 160 APPENDIXES A. STATISTICAL DATA ON SOUTHWESTERN ASIA 166 B. ANTHROPOMETRIC DATA BY WINIFRED SMEA TON THOMAS 167 C. ANTHROPOMETRIC DATA BY C. U. ARIENS KAPPERS .... 180 D. LIST OF ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES IN ARABIAN PENINSULA AND ADJOINING AREAS 181 ABBREVIATIONS 190 FOOTNOTES 197 iii Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from LYRASIS IVIembers and Sloan Foundation http://www.archive.org/details/ancientmodernmanOOfiel List of Tables 1 - 3. Measurements and indices of crania in Wadi Solaf, souihwestern Sinai 4. Anthropometric data on Beduins and Jebeliyeh in Sinai 5. Cranial measurements and indices o£ Skhul V 6. Measurements and indices of 331 males and 33 females from Pales- tine 7. Measurements and indices of 135 Beduins in Jordan 8. Measurements and indices of Jordan tribesmen and villagers 9-11. Measurements on 2,084 males in Jordan 12. Indices on 2,084 males in Jordan 13. Measurements and indices on 273 Jordan tribeswomen and villagers 14. Measurements and indices on 451 Lebanese males 15. Measurements and indices on 1,598 Syrians 16. Age distribution of 36 Syrian Beduins 17. Demography of 17 Syrian lieduins 18. Hair color of 14 Syrian Beduins 19. Eye color of 13 Syrian Beduins 20. Teeth of 13 Syrian Beduins 21. Tattooing among 38 Syrian Beduins 22. Measurements and indices of 37 Syrian Beduins 23. Cephalic index of 375 Hittite crania 24. 394 Neolithic crania from Turkey 25. 2 Post-Hittite crania from Kara Hiiyiik, Anatolia 26. 4 skeletons from Kum-Tepe near Troy, Anatolia 27. 3 crania from Alishar-Hiiyiik, Anatolia o Measurements and indices on Chalcolithic skeleton from BLiyiik Giilliicek, Anatolia 29. 5 crania from Seyh Hiiyiik, Anatolia 30. 5 crania from Kul-Tepe, Airatolia 31. Measurements and indices on 2,945 male Turks 32 - 33. Measurements and indices on 39,465 male Turks 34. Nasal profile of 39,465 male Turks 35. Eye color of 39,465 male Turks 36 - 37. Measureinents and indices of 20,263 feinale Turks 38. Nasal profile of 20,263 female Turks 39. Eye color of 20,263 female Turks 40. Population and area of the Caucasus by Republics and Regions 41. Cephalic index of 255 crania in the Caucasus 42. Stature of 7,453 males in the Caucasus 43. Stature of 177 females in the Caucasus 44. Stature of 19 male and 2 female Osete groups in the Caucasus 45. Stature of Peoples in Turkestan 46. Sitting height of Peoples in the Caucasus 47. Relative sitting height of Peoples in the Caucasus 48. Head length of Peoples in the Caucasus 49. Head length of 154 females in the Caucasus 50. Head breadth of Peoples in the Caucasus 51. Cephalic index of Peoples in the Caucasus 52. Cephalic index of 17 Osete Groups in the Caucasus 53. Cephalic index of 246 females in the Caucasus 54. Cephalic index of Peoples in the Crimea 55. Cephalic index of Peoples in the Volga Region 56. Cephalic index of Peoples in Turkestan 57. Cephalic index of Peoples in Soviet Central Asia 58. Cephalic index of Peoples in Tannu Tuva 59. Cephalic index of Peoples in Siberia 60. Minimum frontal diameter of Peoples in the Caucasus 61. Minimum frontal diameter of Peoples in Turkestan 62. Fronto-parietal index of Peoples in the Caucasus 63. Bizygomatic breadth of Peoples in the Caucasus 64. Bizygomatic breadth of Peoples in Turkestan 65. Bigonial breadth of Peoples in the Caucasus 66. Bigonial breadth of Peoples in Turkestan 67. Upper facial height of Peoples in the Caucasus 68. Total facial height of Peoples in the Caucasus 69. Total facial height of Peoples in Turkestan 70. Total facial height of Peoples in the Caucasus 71. Nasal length of Peoples in the Caucasus 72. Nasal breadth of Peoples in the Caucasus 73. Nasal index of males in the Caucasus 74. Nasal index of females in the Caucasus 75. Kish male crania from "A" Cemetery, Iraq 76. Human remains from Kish, Iraq 77 - 91. Differences and X P. E.'s of Iraq Groups 92 - 95. Dispersion values of X P. E.'s for Iraq Groups 96. Measurements and indices of 12 males from Jidda, Hejaz 97. Measurements and indices of 45 Beharna males, Bahrain 98. Measurements and indices of 3 Omanis 99. Measurements and indices of 33 South Arabs 100. Comparative head measurements and cephalic indices of selected groups 101. Measurements and indices of 15 crania from Yemen 102. Measurements and indices of 400 Yemenis 103. Measurements and indices of Mountain Peoples of Iraq and Iran 104. 172 Afghans measured by Bowles, 1937 105. Measurements and indices of 36 Afghans 106. Measurements and indices of 70,485 male Turks in Anatolia 107. Stature of 206 Groups with 62,367 Males 108. Sitting height of 57 Groups with 46,126 Males 109. Head length of 122 Groups with 49,850 Males 110. Head breadth of 123 Groups with 50,153 Males 111. Head height of 21 Groups with 2,798 Males 112. Minimum frontal diameter of 76 Groups with 48,037 Males vi 113. Bizygomatic breadth of 75 Groups with 47,628 Males 114. Bigonial breadth of 64 Groups with 47,088 Males 115. Upper facial height of 72 Groups with 48,005 Males 116. Total facial height of 80 Groups with 48,496 Males 117. Nasal height of 78 Groups with 48,182 Males 118. Nasal breadth of 78 Groups with 48,133 Males 119. Ear length of 62 Groups with 46,997 Males 120. Ear breadth of 62 Groups with 46,995 Males 121. Relative sitting height of 42 Groups with 6,079 Males 122. Cephalic index of 348 Groups with 70,422 Males 123. Length-height index of 20 Groups with 39,884 Males 124. Breadth-height index of 9 Groups with 419 Males 125. Fronto-parietal index of 71 Groups with 45,871 Males 126. Cephalo-facial index of 20 Groups with 2,146 Males 127. Upper facial index of 66 Groups with 46,216 Males 128. Total facial index of 76 Groups with 47,951 Males 129. Zygo-frontal index of 62 Groups with 45,300 Males 130. Nasal index of 80 Groups with 47,384 Males 131. Ear index of 56 Groups with 46,362 Males 132. Measurements and indices of 21,981 female Turks in Anatolia 133. Stature of 35 Groups with 21,981 Females 134. Sitting height of 29 Groups with 21,145 Females 135. Head length of 35 Groups with 21,438 Females 136. Head breadth of 33 Groups with 21,275 Females 137. Minimum frontal diameter of 28 Groups with 21,082 Females 138. Bizygomatic breadth of 28 Groups with 20,961 Females 139. Bigonial breadth of 24 Groups with 20,970 Females 140. Upper facial height of 27 Groups with 21,060 Females 141. Total facial height of 28 Groups with 20,967 Females 142. Nasal height of 28 Groups with 21,069 Females 143. Nasal breadth of 28 Groups with 21,066 Females 144. Ear height of 24 Groups with 20,878 Females 145. Ear breadth of 25 Groups with 20,960 Females 146. Cephalic index of 43 Groups with 21,538 Females 147. Fronto-parietal index of 26 Groups with 21,520 Females 148. Zygo-frontal index of 26 Groups with 21,531 Females 149. Upper facial index of 26 Groups with 20,892 Females 150. Total facial index of 28 Groups with 21,070 Females 151. Nasal index of 28 Groups with 21,065 Females 152. Ear index of 23 Groups with 20,833 Females 153. Cephalic index of 63 Groups of Living Peoples 154. Cephalic index of 51 Series of Crania 155. 43 Groups measured by Kappers 156. Measurements and indices recorded by Kappers Vll List of Maps 1. Approaches to Eastern Asia by Erwin Raisz 2. The Near East by Erwin Raisz 3. Beduin Tribes of Sinai by G. M. Murray 4. Israel by Erwin Raisz 5. Jordan by Erwin Raisz 6. Lebanon by Erwin Raisz 7. Archeological Sites by Rene Wetzel 8. Syria by Erwin Raisz 9. Turkey by Erwin Raisz 10. Anthropometric Zones in Anatolia by Inan Afet 11. Iraq by Erwin Raisz 12. Arabian Peninsula by Erwin Raisz 13. Saudi Arabia by Erwin Raisz 14. Kuwait by Erwin Raisz 15. Trucial Oman by Erwin Raisz 16. Muscat and Oman by Erwin Raisz 17. Aden Colony and Protectorate by Erwin Raisz 18. Yemen by Erwin Raisz 19. Iran by Erwin Raisz 20. Alghanistan by Erwin Raisz 21. Cephalic Indices in Southwestern Asia by Winifred Smeaton Thomas 22. Cephalic Indices in Arabian Peninsula and Adjoining Areas by Winifred Smeaton Thomas 23. Cranial Indices from Southwestern Asia by Winifred Smeaton Thomas 24.