M ON O G RAP H S O N MI N ERAL RES OURC ES WI TH SP ECI AL REFE REN CE TO TH E BRI TI S H EM PI RE P RE PARED UN DE R T H E DIRE CTI O N O F TH E M IN E RA L RE S O U RCE S C O M M ITTEE O F T H E I M PE R IA L I N S TIT U TE WI T H TH E A S S I S T A NC E O F TH E S CI E N TI FIC AN D TE CH N ICA L S TAF F P O T A S H V S D AND L G B Y RE I E EN AR E D , A B . S C I . C . M NT M L I NS U D EPART E , I PERIA TIT TE $ 8 8 7 5 5 5 5 LO ND ON W OH N M ARL STR T . J URRAY; ALBE M E EE , . 1 9 2 2 P ERI AL I N S TI TUTE S O N M INERAL RE SO URCES CIAL REFERENCE TO TH E B RITI SH E M P IRE CM P ER I AL I NS TI TUTE M ONO G RA P H S O N M I NERA L RES O URCES WITH S PEC IA L REFEREN C E TO TH E B R ITI S H EM P I RE PR E PA R ED U N D E R TH E D IR E CTI O N O F T H E M IN E R A L R E S O U RCE S CO M M ITT E E O F TH E I M PE RI A L I N S TIT U T E WIT H TH E A S S I S TA N CE O F T H E S CIE N TI F IC A N D TE CH NICA L S T A F F P O T A S H NEW O V I S AND L G B Y E DITI N , RE E D EN AR E D SYD N Y OH N T . S O N B S A I C . C E J J E , . SC F C AND T CH C L M N M L S U I ENTI I E NI A D EPART E T, I PER IA IN TIT TE LO ND ON OH N M URRAY ALB M ARL STR T W. J , E E EE , 1 92 2 First Edition pu b lishe d the I mpe ria l I nstitute in ALL RI GH TS RE S ER V ED IMPERIAL INSTITUTE TH E Imperial I nstitute is a centre for the exhibition and investigation Of minerals with a view to their commercial and development , for the supply Of information respecting the sources , composition , and value of minerals Of all kinds . The I mperial I nstitute is provided with Research Labora a a Of tories for the investigation , an lysis , and ass y minerals , and undert a kes reports o n the composition and value o f a miner ls , for the information Of Governments and producing a a nd r comp nies fi ms , in communication with the principal users in the United Kingdom and elsewhere in the Empire . I mportant minerals from within the Empire are exhibited C P E in the respective ourts Of the ublic xhibition Galleries , l M R o f I and a so in the ineral eference Collections the nstitute . A al special staff is engaged in the collection , critic revision , and a rrangement o f all importan t information respecting l al E supp ies of miner s , especially within the mpire , new methods a e l Of us ge and other commercial d ve opments . Articles on these and related subj ects are periodically B ulletin o the I m erial I nstitute and published in the f p , mono graphs On special subjects are separately published under the o f C o n M R direction the ommittee ineral esources . 4 7 8 8 8 8 IMPERIAL INSTITUTE Advisory Committee on Mineral Resources R H n L Chairman o H D C . The ight . VISCOUNT ARCOURT , . ( ) . $‘ A 1 S I R E M S K C I E a e dmira D OND LADE , . (nomin t d by A l ice- Chair an V m . the dmira ty) , ( ) E M G D V Es . D UND . A IS , q * e s H D D S c e Met all ur ni ersit C. U v Prof s or . ESCH , . Prof ssor of gy, y o f S ef l h fie d. * S ’I‘AN E M LL D R UN s . C G D e W M D . Y . NDHA , q , ir ctor I e al I n e Of the mp ri stitut . C A L ELS WORTH Y I n ell en D e a War O e aptain . , t ig ce p rtment , ffic n a th e ar f (nomi ted by W O fice) . * e ss W G G Y D S c e s G l Prof or J . RE OR , . , Prof s or of eo ogy , U s o Gla e l D e Of G l al S u niver ity f sgow , form r y ir ctor eo ogic rvey, a A l a Victori , ustra i . Sir R B H F B r a - I O ERT AD IELD , a t P st President , ron and S e el I n t stitute . A H Es M A Ph D D a RTHUR UTCHINSON , q . , . ep rt e M al U s Of Ca e m nt of iner ogy, niver ity mbridg . W W M Y Es Me s s H A Wa s CO . Lt d . O ERS , q ( sr . t on . , . ) * F R Es B E D a . M. e n Of n . I . e J ONCA , q , ep rtm t dustri s an d Ma a e n a e th e B a a nuf ctur s (nomi t d by o rd of Tr de) . R A Es M A B S I al I ns ecr ar . S t . c . e LLEN , q , , mperi titute ( y) . e m rs O f o r a - o mm e e M be Edit i l Sub C itt . MINERAL SECTI ON Principal Members Of S t aff S up erintendent R A M A B . S c LLEN , . Assistant S uperintendent S B S A I C . c . J . JOHNSTONE , . Assistants L R Y A I C B S c . O. W . G E H W . W. NN , O LING , ( ond ) (Special Assistant) (S enior Assistant) B A F 8 . ANN . T. AIRCLOTH . H B F . ELL B B Sc E H . ENNETT , G E N E R A L P R E F A C E TH E Mineral Resources Committee Of the Imperial I nstitute has arranged for the issue Of this series o f Monographs o n Mineral Resources in amplification and extension Of those which have appeared in the B u lletin of the I mperia l I n stitute during the past fifteen years . The Monographs are prepared either by members o f the S S a Of I o r cientific and Technical t ff the mperial Institute , by al W extern contributors , to hom have been available the statistical and other special information relating to mineral a I I resources collected and arranged t the mperial nstitute . The Object o f these Monographs is to give a general account o f the occurrences and commercial utilization o f the more a l a B E a al u . NO import nt miner s , p rtic rly in the ritish mpire attempt has been made to give details of mining or metallurgical processes . ‘ HARCOURT , Chairman M in eral Resources Committee , . s e Lo n o n n S W. I titut , d , . 7 u 1 2 0 j ly 9 . C O N T E N T S CHAPTER I United Kingdom I mports and Exp orts of P otash World and United S tates Outp uts of P otash CHAPTER II D EPOSI TS OF SOLUBLE POTASH MINERALS Germany Fran ce H olland D enmark P oland Russia S p ain I ndia Canada Aby ssinia Nigeria P eru CHAP TER III SALT LAKES AND PANS United S ta tes I ndia China Tunis M orocco Chile Canada CHAPTER I V NITRATE DEPOSITS OF MI NERAL ORI GIN Chile Rhodesia Russia B razil ; Venezuela CHAPTER V POTASSIUM NITRATE DEPOSI TS OF ORGANI C ORI GIN I ndia M exico Gua tema la P eru United S tates Rhodesia Union of S outh Africa Upp er Egypt 1X x CONTENTS CHAPTER VI SEA WATER AS A SOURCE OF POTASH CHAPTER VI I INSOLUBLE POTASH MINERALS ALUNITE Comp osition of Alunite Extra ction of P otash from Alunite FELSPARS AN D OTHER S ILICATES : Extra ction of P otash l t rom F e s ars e c . f p , I N S OLUBLE POTASH MINERALS AS FERTILIZ ERS CHAPTER VI I I FLUE GASES AS SOURCES OF POTASH CEMENT KILN DUST BLAST FURNACE DUST CHAPTER I X VEGETABLE SOURCES OF POTASH MARINE PLANTS S cotland I reland N orway jap an S outh Africa Can a da United S tates RAW S EAWEED AS A POTASH FERTILIZ ER WOOD AS H VEGETABLE WASTE : H edge Clippings S un flower S talks Water Hyacinth B ra cken OTHER VEGETABLE S OURCES OF POTAS H CHAPTER X RESIDUES FROM BEET-SUGAR MANUFACTURE 1 07 CHAPTER XI ANIMAL SOURCES OF POTASH WOOL WASHINGS KARROO AS H REFERENCES TO LITERATURE ON POTASH I I 4 O E —N ume rals in s uare bracke ts in the te xt re e r to the N T .