Social Monitoring Report Quarterly Report June 2021 Project Number: 48337-002 Nepal: South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation Roads Improvement Project Prepared by the Department of Roads for the Ministry of Finance and the Asian Development Bank. This social monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. QUARTERLY (SOCIAL MONITORING) REPORT NO. 10 October-December, 2020 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of 30th December 2020) Currency unit - Nepalese (NPR) NPR 1.00 = $0.008371 $ 1.00 = 119.46 NPR QUARTERLY (SOCIAL MONITORING) REPORT NO. 10 October-December, 2020 NOTES: (i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of Nepal and its agencies ends on 16 July. FY before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g., FY 2020/21 ends on 16 July 2021. (ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. This Social monitoring Report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ii QUARTERLY (SOCIAL MONITORING) REPORT NO. 10 October-December, 2020 ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank APs Affected Persons BLT Bhairahawa- Lumbini – Taulihawa Road CSC Construction Supervision Consultants CDC Compensation Determination Committee CDO Chief District Officer COI Corridor of Impact DAO District Administration Office DDR Due-Diligence Report DLSO District Land Survey Office DLRO District Land Revenue Office DOR Department of Roads EA Executing Agency EWH East West Highway FGD Focus Group Discussion GESI Gender Equality and Social Inclusion GRC Grievance Redress Committee GON Government of Nepal HHs Households IA Implementing Agency INGO International Non-Government Organization IR Involuntary Resettlement MOF Ministry of Finance MOPIT Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and Transport PLI Poverty Line Income PAP(s) Project Affected Family (Families) / Project Affected Peoples PD Project Director / Project Directorate PID PM/PIU Project Implementation Unit/ Project Manager RM Rural Municipality ROW Right of Way RP Resettlement Plan R&R Resettlement and Rehabilitation RS Resettlement Specialist SASEC South Asia Sub-Regional Economic Cooperation SRIP South Asia Sub-Regional Economic Cooperation Road Improvement Project SLC Subproject Level Committee for grievance redress SPAF Severely Project Affected Family SPS Safeguard Policy Statement (ADB, 2009) Sqm Square meters VDC Village Development Committee according to Local Level Administrative Order 2073 (2016) of Nepal, all VDCs have been converted into Rural Municipality or Municipality ZOI Zone of Influence iii QUARTERLY (SOCIAL MONITORING) REPORT NO. 10 October-December, 2020 GLOSSARY Acquisition: Acquisition of land and other assets for the purpose of development projects in accordance to prevailing Land Acquisition Act 1977 (2034 BS). Affected Person (AP): Any person including Vulnerable encroachers/squatters, households, business affected by the project through the acquisition of land or other assets or disruption in business irrespective of legal or ownership title. This includes any person whose rights, standard of living, subsistence and income –generating capacity are adversely affected because of the disruption in the acquisition of assets or business, whether full / partial, or permanent / temporary. Compensation: The payment in cash or kind for private property acquired by the government for the project, based on replacement value. Entitled Person (EP): Any person physically or economically displaced as a result of (i) involuntary acquisition of land, or (ii) involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas. Corridor of Impact (CoI): Minimum width of land required for the construction of roads and provision of shoulder, width plus safety zone on either side of the road, generally within the RoW, except where construction requirements and topography necessitate the acquisition of wider area. Cut-off Date: The date of census survey to count the DPs and their affected business and assets. The changes made by the people after the Cut-of-Date is not counted as DPs until and unless census survey have made mistake in counting or caused by changes in design. Excluded Groups refer to women, Dalit, Indigenous ethnic groups, Madhesi, Muslim, persons with disabilities, elderly people and people living in remote areas. who have been structurally excluded over a long-time due to economic, caste, ethnic, gender, disability, and geographic reasons and include sexual and gender minorities (i.e. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex (LGBTI). Transgender is an umbrella term for people whose gender identity and/or expression is different from cultural expectations based on the sex they were assigned at birth. Being transgender does not imply any specific sexual orientation. Therefore, transgender people may identify as straight, gay, lesbian, bisexual, etc. Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) refers to a concept that addresses unequal power relations between women and men and between different social groups. It focuses on the need for action to re-balance these power relations and ensures equal rights, opportunities and respect for all individuals regardless of their social identity. Indigenous People: Nepal indigenous/nationalities/tribal Act 2001defines Ethnic/ Indigenous Peoples as; “people having their own mother tongue, distinct traditional values, and cultural identities, including social structure and written/non-written history are indigenous and iv QUARTERLY (SOCIAL MONITORING) REPORT NO. 10 October-December, 2020 nationalities population.” The National Foundation of Indigenous Nationalities (NFIN) has declared 59 groups as ethnic nationalities. Local Consultative Groups (LCG): Municipalities / village level committees established to assist the affected population, legally constituted committees for land acquisition and project authorities, monitoring of implementation issues and community reactions and grievance resolution. Poverty Line Income (PLI): The cost of maintaining basic minimum needs. PLIs have been defined by different organizations and the government departments, using factors such as per Capita calorie requirements and expenditures on housing and other non-food items. Rehabilitation: The measures taken to mitigate social impacts, including compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation allowances where required. Replacement Cost: The calculation of full replacement cost will be based on the following elements: (i) fair market value; (ii) transaction costs; (iii) interest accrued, (iv) transitional and restoration costs; and (v) other applicable payments. Right of Way (ROW): The legal right to use the land by Department of Roads. Generally, government declares 50 meters for National highway and 30 meters for feeder roads. Severely Project Affected Family: Family having more than 10 percent loss of total landholding or income is considered as severely affected family. Social Exclusion describes the experience of groups that are historically disadvantaged because of discrimination based on income, gender, caste, ethnicity or religion or location. Social Inclusion refers to a process that ensures that those at risk of poverty and social exclusion gain the opportunities and resources they need to participate fully in economic, social and cultural life and to enjoy a standard of living and wellbeing that is considered normal in the society in which they live. It ensures that they participate more in decision making on matters that affect them and on access to resources, opportunities and services to enjoy their fundamental rights. Sub project Level Grievance Redress Committee: Village Development Committee or municipality level committee established to assist the affected people, legally constituted committees for land acquisition and project authorities, monitoring of implementation issues and community reactions and grievance resolution. Titleholder: The person in whose name the project–affected business, land and / or building business is legally registered and who is authorized to receive the compensation granted for the loss of business or acquisition of the land. Tenant: A person occupying or utilizing buildings of a title holder/ house owner on rent. v QUARTERLY (SOCIAL MONITORING) REPORT NO. 10 October-December, 2020 Vulnerable persons: They are the disadvantaged persons such as disabled, women headed households, handicapped, orphans, destitute, independent elderly persons above 70 years of age, landless laborers, wage earners and people living below the poverty line. Vulnerable Groups refer to groups of people whose disadvantage or risk of disadvantage is situational rather than structural. vi QUARTERLY (SOCIAL MONITORING) REPORT NO.