#5 Civil War Abraham Lincoln 16th US President 1861-1865 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MFABcUUJMrI 4:44 min D.V. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xx5RimAwtXU 1:07 Pres. Min, The Election of 1860 • South – Most refused to put Lincoln name on the ballot – Many threatened to leave if he won • Republican Abraham Lincoln – Wanted to maintaining the Union – Stop the spread of slavery not outlaw it – Took the north • Constitutional Union John Bell – wanted to maintain the Union – Took the border states • Northern Democrat, Stephen Douglas – gave anti-secession speeches – Took what Lincoln didn’t in the north • Southern Democrat John C. Breckinridge – defended slavery – Took most of the south • Abraham – 40% of the popular vote – 180 electoral votes, all others totaled only 123 • Secession • South does not trust Republicans – 1860 South Carolina secedes • 1 month after Lincoln’s election – John Crittenden proposes Election Results • a constitutional amendment to protect slavery • Unilaterally rejected • February 1861- secessions – Texas – Louisiana – Mississippi – Alabama – Florida – Georgia • President Jefferson Davis – Justified according to “states rights” – Voluntarily became states – Voluntarily leave the USA – Felt the USA violated the Constitution • The country is split – Literally – In opinion • Is it okay to split? – All states question it • Border States become – Maryland – Kentucky – Missouri – Delaware • Abraham Lincoln – 1st Inaugural Address • Secession will NOT be allowed • Please reconsider Border States • Abraham Lincoln – Must keep them loyal – moderate policies, as much as possible – buffer between the North and South – Maryland only state protecting Washington D.C. – Factories, economy • Maryland and Delaware • Confederacy’s manufacturing would have2x – Weakened southern claims to need to succeed – Emancipation Proclamation (1863) • slaves free in only the secessionist states – not the loyal border states – Used force (for example) • Maryland Protester – attacked union troops – Spring 1861, martial law Effective Congress? No Southern Opposition • The Morrill Tariff (1861) – Doubled prewar tariff – Manufactures happy with money – Economy vital to war effort • The Legal Tender Act (1862) – Printing of National Currency, not redeemable for gold or silver – “Greenback” like we have now • National Bank Act (1862) – federal charter of banks – supervision of a system of national banks to comply with the Legal Tender Act • The Homestead Act (1862) – Homesteaders • individual settlers given 160 acres of western land • live on the land and improve it by farming and building a house • Morrill Land Grant Act (1862) – Federal Land to State Governments to build Agricultural colleges Lincoln “Honest” Abe • Accused – starting and unjust War Peace Democrats – Being too soft Radical Republicans • Using unconstitutional powers – Supported by Congress in these violations – Claimed desperate times called for desperate measures – He would obey the Constitution after the war – In Maryland • Suspended Habeas Corpus, requires police to inform suspects of the charges against them • Arrested proslavery leaders in Maryland • imprisoned till the war was over » Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Roger Taney ruled that the suspension was illegal and unconstitutional » Lincoln ignored him – Ordered illegal Southern naval blockade, Congressional Power – Increased the size of the army, congressional power – Authorized illegal voting methods in the border states The Civil War http://www.schooltube.com/video/8851cf25cfdf480d9e61/Causes%20of%20the%20Civil%20War%20by%20Shmoop The North Also Known AS (A.K.A.) The United States of America The Union The Yankees They wore blue North Advantages • President Lincoln – Strong – Self-assured – Respected • Population-71% of it – 2 million Northern troops » 800,000 in the Confederate army • Industrialized – Factories making » Uniforms » Weapons » Supplies – Railroads » 70% in the North – Organization – Ships/Navy » blockade the Southern ports The North’s Disadvantages • Disagreement over what the war was about – Slavery – Preserving the Union • Troops were untrained • So many Generals, to name a few – General McDowell • Lost the 1st Battle of Bull Run – The 1st major battle of the Civil War – General McClellan • AKA “Little Mac” • in his 30’s • Commanded the Army of the Potomac • very popular with the troops not in Washington • Reputation for being egotistical • Timid in battle • Made excuses to not engage Lee’s army • Publically criticized Lincoln – General Burnside • Lost the Battle of Fredericksburg • 12,00 troops • The confidence of his men – General Grant • Top General after McClellan was fired • Waged total war in 1863 • Had a major victory at Vicksburg – General Sherman • Waged total war with General Grant to help end the War – Some did prove valuable in the end The South The Confederate States of America The Confederacy The Rebels Wore Gray The South • So excited to be liberated from USA and Lincoln – Safeguarding liberty – Don’t need to win just defend their home – Thought victory was inevitable – Wanted international recognition • Britain made warships for the South, the Alabama – Threats from Lincoln and a win at Antietam stopped this action • Supplied 75% of British cotton • Thought Britain would break blockades for cotton – Britain bought from India and Egypt instead • The Confederate States of America – 1st seven: South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Texas, and Louisiana – Capital at Richmond, Virginia – Jefferson Davis as president • Former US senator • Nervous and not well liked once in office – Wrote their own constitution • Very similar to the Articles of confederation • Couldn’t force states to send troops to fight – 1861 lost part of Virginia • Unionists left the confederates states and rejoined the Union, in 1863, as West Virginia The South’s Advantages • General Robert E. Lee – Lincoln wanted Lee – Lee » roots were deep in the South » Since 1600’s » family » his wife’s family » He was torn • He disapproved of the secession – Virginia seceded Lee stated , • “I shall share the miseries of my people.” General Stonewall Jackson • Good soldiers – Experienced in the Mexican-American War • Noble Cause (?) – Fighting on their own land – Fighting for their rights • Didn’t have to win • Wait till the Europeans got involved – Cotton was readily available – Trade The South’s Disadvantages • President Jefferson Davis – Weak – Unsure – Not so respected • Weaker central government • Smaller population • No pre-existing Navy • Inadequate Supplies – No money to purchase – no way of manufacturing • Too much faith in foreign motivation to intervene – did cause some issues for the USA British USA Issues • 1st The Trent Affair – US Naval Officers boarded the British mail ship Trent in 1861 – Arresting two Confederate diplomats – Angered the British – Thousands of British troops went to Canada to invade – Lincoln apologized and freed the Confederates • 2nd USA threatened war if Britain kept building Southern warships – CSS Alabama was one – They stopped • 3rd 1864 Canada harbored Confederate fugitives – British troops were sent – Peace was negotiated, before shots were fired Women In the Civil War a few contributions North South • Spies • Spies • Harriet Tubman was one – Rose O’Neal Greenhow • http://on.aol.com/video/harriet-tubmans-work-as-a-union-spy- 517651524?icid=video_related_13 – Belle Boyd • Nurses • Nurses • Dorothea Dix • Writer of History • Sally Tompkins – Mary Chestnut ( that is her ) • Recorded her experiences – Established a Hospital in Richmond Virginia – those around her • • Primary Source Clara Barton – Lost most if not all things – founded the Red Cross » Crops – Teachers » Home destroyed – Office workers » Supply shortages – Making • Soldiers • Blankets – Loretta Janeta Velasquez • Ammunition • Battle of Bull Run • Shiloh Civil War Technology http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MYBowDfoEAs 2:22 min http://www.schooltube.com/video/02ee7108c9664b64a5c9/The%20Confederate%20Air%20Force:%20Balloon%20Reconnaissance%20in%20the%20Civil%20War 5 min balloon tech The Catalyst was Fort Sumter Soldier Lives on Both Sides • Goal of the North • Started enthusiastic – Southern States back • Medical facilities into the Union overwhelmed • Strategy • Lack of food and supplies • Blockades – especially in the south • Control the Mississippi • Capture Richmond, Virginia • Dull (Confederate Capital) • Routine drills • Marches in rain and mud • Goal of the South • Bad food • Be a separate nation • Sickness • Strategy • Defense of ones • When Lee entered Maryland homeland st the 1 time it was, in part, an • Offensive at times but effort to get fresh crops to eat. very few times Fort Sumter(Southern Victory) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9p7V7GrHjE = 2:41 min • Confederates seized US Military Forts in the South – including Fort Sumter • Lincoln sent supplies • Jefferson Davis orders – Southern troops attack • April 12, 1861 – Union surrenders • April 14, 1861 • Lincoln calls for 75K troops • The Confederacy grows – Virginia (and Lee) – North Carolina – Tennessee – Arkansas 1st Battle of Bull Run http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-gvomMAZJA reenacted 2:43 min (Southern Victory) – Virginia, between Washington, D.C., and Richmond – 1st Official Battle – 3 months after Fort Sumter – July 1861 – Union General McDowell • 30K Troops – 35K Confederate troops – Spectators came watch – All expected a quick victory – Union winning, at 1st – Confederate General Jackson rallied his troops • Soldiers said he was